全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23153篇 |
免费 | 4157篇 |
国内免费 | 6937篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 18097篇 |
晶体学 | 674篇 |
力学 | 1474篇 |
综合类 | 851篇 |
数学 | 3205篇 |
物理学 | 9946篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 43篇 |
2023年 | 196篇 |
2022年 | 658篇 |
2021年 | 653篇 |
2020年 | 695篇 |
2019年 | 743篇 |
2018年 | 637篇 |
2017年 | 882篇 |
2016年 | 820篇 |
2015年 | 1062篇 |
2014年 | 1305篇 |
2013年 | 1780篇 |
2012年 | 1876篇 |
2011年 | 1998篇 |
2010年 | 1866篇 |
2009年 | 1960篇 |
2008年 | 2257篇 |
2007年 | 2069篇 |
2006年 | 1945篇 |
2005年 | 1699篇 |
2004年 | 1428篇 |
2003年 | 1111篇 |
2002年 | 1117篇 |
2001年 | 924篇 |
2000年 | 941篇 |
1999年 | 673篇 |
1998年 | 376篇 |
1997年 | 288篇 |
1996年 | 265篇 |
1995年 | 237篇 |
1994年 | 219篇 |
1993年 | 222篇 |
1992年 | 195篇 |
1991年 | 144篇 |
1990年 | 135篇 |
1989年 | 145篇 |
1988年 | 120篇 |
1987年 | 102篇 |
1986年 | 70篇 |
1985年 | 58篇 |
1984年 | 56篇 |
1983年 | 50篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 34篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1965年 | 21篇 |
1964年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Dehydration characteristics of struvite-K pertaining to magnesium potassium phosphate cement system in non-isothermal condition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Siyu Zhang Hui-Sheng Shi Shao-Wen Huang Ping Zhang 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,111(1):35-40
Struvite-K (KMgPO4·6H2O) is the main hydration product of magnesium potassium phosphate cement. Its thermal stability is critical to the properties of magnesium potassium phosphate cement. Therefore, in this study, the dehydration behavior of struvite-K was investigated at N2 atmosphere in non-isothermal condition. The process was conducted and controlled in a simultaneous TG/DTA analyzer, at heating rates of 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 K min?1. The residual mass was always around 58.5% of the initial one, regardless of the heating rate, which corresponds to the dehydration reaction through one step, KMgPO4·6H2O → KMgPO4. The activation energy (E a) corresponding to the dehydration of struvite-K was evaluated by non-isothermal kinetic analysis based on the application of isoconversional methods (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose methods). The calculated results show that Flynn–Wall–Ozawa has slightly higher values of activation energy (E a) and correlation coefficients (R 2). Both methods have been proved to be suitable for analyzing dehydration behavior of struvite-K. 相似文献
992.
Ruirui Yue Zhangquan Yao Jingyi Geng Yukou Du Jingkun Xu Ping Yang 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2013,17(3):751-760
5-Aminoindole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) were copolymerized electrochemically on a carbon cloth (CC) electrode in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The as-prepared copolymer was characterized by cyclic voltammogram, SEM, and UV-vis and FT-IR spectra through which the electrochemical properties, structure, and composition of the as-obtained copolymer were determined. The electrochemical activity and stability of the as-formed copolymer are significantly improved in comparison with poly(5-aminoindole) due to the incorporation of EDOT units into the conjugated chain. The copolymer film-modified CC electrode was used as substrate for Pt particle deposition (denoted as Pt/copolymer/CC), and then, its catalytic activity towards formic acid electrooxidation was studied. Experimental results indicate that the catalytic activity of Pt/copolymer/CC towards formic acid electrooxidation is enhanced in comparison with that of Pt/homopolymer/CC, which can be attributed to the homogeneous distribution of Pt nanoparticles on the copolymer/CC substrate and the improved electrochemical activity of the copolymer film. 相似文献
993.
Guangxing Ping Chao Wang Da Chen Shu Liu Xiani Huang Laishun Qin Yuexiang Huang Kangying Shu 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2013,17(9):2503-2510
The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 and H2O to alcohols was achieved using self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs), which were prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti foils in 1 M (NH4)2SO4 electrolyte containing 0.5 wt% NH4F. Experimental results revealed that the morphology and structure of self-organized TNAs could be strongly influenced by the applied voltage and anodization temperature, and the optimized TNAs were prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti foils under optimal conditions (i.e., at 20 V for 2 h at 30 °C). The as-prepared TNAs were amorphous and could be transformed to anatase phase during the thermal treatment at 450 °C in air for 3 h. By using the annealed TNAs as a photocatalyst, the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to alcohol, predominately methanol and ethanol, was demonstrated under Xenon lamp illumination. Based on the photocatalytic measurements, the production rates of methanol and ethanol were calculated to be ~10 and ~9 nmol cm?2 h?1, respectively. In addition, the formation mechanism of methanol and ethanol was also tentatively proposed. 相似文献
994.
Seeking visible‐light‐active photocatalysts for efficient solar‐energy conversion has become an intensifying endeavor worldwide. In this concept paper, general requirements for finding new visible‐light‐active photocatalysts are briefly introduced, and recent progress in exploring elemental photocatalysts for clean‐energy generation and environmental remediation are reviewed. Finally, opportunities and challenges facing elemental photocatalysts are discussed. 相似文献
995.
共沉淀法制备了Ru-Zn催化剂,考察了反应修饰剂ZnSO4和预处理对苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Zn催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,反应修饰剂ZnSO4可以与Ru-Zn催化剂中助剂ZnO反应生成(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)盐。随反应修饰剂ZnSO4浓度增加,(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)盐量的逐渐增加,Ru-Zn催化剂活性逐渐降低,环己烯选择性逐渐升高。因为(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)盐中的Zn2+可以使Ru变为有利环己烯生成的缺电子的Ruδ+物种,而且还可以占据不适宜环己烯生成的强Ru活性位。但当反应修饰剂ZnSO4浓度高于0.41 mol·L-1后,继续增加ZnSO4浓度,由于Zn2+水解浆液酸性太强,可以溶解部分(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)盐,Ru-Zn催化剂活性升高,环己烯选择性降低。但环己烯选择性却略微降低,这是由于ZnSO4溶液中大量的Zn2+可以与生成的环己烯形成配合物,稳定生成的环己烯,抑制生成的环己烯再吸附到催化剂表面并加氢生成环己烷。在ZnSO4最佳浓度0.61 mol·L-1下对Ru-Zn催化剂预处理15 h,Ru-Zn催化剂中助剂ZnO可以与ZnSO4完全反应生成(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)盐,在该催化剂上25 min苯转化68.2%时环己烯选择性和收率分别为80.2%和54.7%。而且该催化剂具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性能。 相似文献
996.
采用水热法和低温浸渍法制备了电子助剂还原石墨烯(rGO)和界面活性位点Ni(Ⅱ)共修饰的高效TiO2光催化剂(简称Ni(Ⅱ)/TiO2-rGO)。制氢性能测试结果表明:相比于TiO2和单独还原石墨烯复合的TiO2,经还原石墨烯与Ni(Ⅱ)协同修饰后的TiO2表现出更高的光催化制氢性能。其中,Ni(Ⅱ)/TiO2-rGO(0.1 mol·L-1)具有最高制氢性能,制氢速率达到77.0 μmol·h-1,分别是TiO2(16.4 μmol·h-1)和TiO2-rGO(28.0 μmol·h-1)的4.70倍和2.75倍。还原石墨烯助剂与Ni(Ⅱ)活性位点协同增强制氢性能的原理是:还原石墨烯作为电子助剂可以快速捕获和传输电子,Ni(Ⅱ)作为界面活性位点可以从溶液中捕获H+,提高界面反应速率,2种助剂协同作用加快了TiO2上的光生电子-空穴对的有效分离。 相似文献
997.
摘要:利用过渡金属镉(锌)盐与1,5-二(2-乙基咪唑)戊烷(BEIP)、5-羟基间苯二甲酸(5-OHH2IP)在水热条件下合成了配合物[Cd(BEIP)(Cl)2]n(1)和[Zn(BEIP)(5-OHIP)]n(2),并对其进行了元素分析、IR及X射线衍射法表征。晶体结构研究表明:配合物1属于正交晶系,Pca21空间群。配合物2属于单斜晶系,P21/n空间群,β=100.542(4)°。配合物1是由配体1,5-二(2-乙基咪唑)戊烷连接镉离子形成一维链状结构。而配合物2是由配体间苯二甲酸连接锌离子形成一维链状结构,该一维链通过1,5-二(2-乙基咪唑)戊烷连接成二维网络结构,进而通过氢键连接成三维超分子结构。此外,配合物1和2具有较高的稳定性和较好的荧光性能,配合物2对甲基橙染料有一定的降解作用。 相似文献
998.
以氮氧自由基为配体,合成了2例未见文献报道的氮氧自由基-稀土配合物[Dy(hfac)3(NIT-C3H5)(H2O)]与[Dy(hfac)3(NIT-C3H5)]n(hfac=六氟乙酰丙酮,NIT-C3H5=2-环丙烷基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-咪唑啉-3-氧化-1-氧基自由基)。单晶结构分析表明配合物1为单核结构,单斜晶系P21/c空间群;配合物2为一维结构,单斜晶系P21/c空间群。交流磁化率测试结果表明配合物2虚部表现出频率依赖,这表明配合物2是单链磁体。 相似文献
999.
采用水热法合成了一种高结晶度的3D树枝状C/PbWO4复合光催化剂(其中碳的质量分数分别为0.13%、0.26%、0.52%、0.78%)。应用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、光致发光光谱和光电流响应等手段对合成样品进行了表征。研究结果表明,当C的复合量为0.52%时,催化剂在降解偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ、甲基橙和罗丹明B呈现出最高的光催化活性,在光照100 min内对20 mg·L-1酸性橙Ⅱ的降解率达到97%,为纯PbWO4的2.48倍。C/PbWO4复合光催化剂活性提高的主要原因是掺杂在催化剂表面的C成为了电子俘获中心,有效俘获光生电子,促进光生电子和空穴分离的显著效果,从而产生更多活性物种(·OH、h+)参与染料分子的降解,提升光催化活性。 相似文献
1000.
The extractive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene(DBT),benzothiophene(BT),and 4,6-dimethyldi-benzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) in model oil was carried out using anhydrous FeCl3 and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride system([Omim|Cl·2FeCl3).This new system exhibited high extractive efficiency and the sulfur removal of DBT in model oil(VIL/Voil=1/20) could reach 99.4%at room temperature for 30 min,which was obviously superior to single[Omim]Cl as extractant(22.9%).When the[Omim|CI·2FeCl3 was used,the S-removal of 4,6-DMDBT and BT could also be up to 99.3%and 96.2%, respectively.Moreover,the ionic liquid could be recycled five times without a significant decrease in extractive ability. 相似文献