浅谈动脉流体动力学分析

就我们所熟知,绝大部分正常动脉流,其血液的流动特性是属于层流范围,但随着弯曲和分支部分会产生血液流之二次回流区,进而形成所谓近似非稳态流及紊流. 因此动脉流体的特性会随动脉外形及条件的改变而改变. 在某些情形下,异常动脉的血液动力特性会造成动脉的病变. 因此,近年来动脉血液流体的特性的研究,常着重于异常动脉的血液动力特性所形成剪应力和病变部位动脉粥状硬化关系的探讨.动脉血液流动经常包含分离流或二次回流运动,而这是流体力学的分析或数值模拟最困难的部分. 有关分离流或二次回流的研究包括正常血管流和异常血管流,藉由二次回流的模拟与测量可以观察血管病变的形成与演变,其中最受注目探讨题目是窄化血管如粥状斑块相关的血液流动分析.将回顾二维和三维、稳态、非稳态之动脉血流与窄化血管相关的几何外形作模拟研究和实验. 并提供对血液动力学的研究方向,以作为未来医疗诊断与发展相关器材之参考.     

Characterization of Effects of Different Tea Harvesting Seasons on Quality Components,Color and Sensory Quality of “Yinghong 9” and “Huangyu” Large-Leaf-Variety Black Tea

Harvesting seasons are crucial for the physicochemical qualities of large-leaf-variety black tea. To investigate the effect of harvesting seasons on physicochemical qualities, the color and sensory characteristics of black tea produced from “Yinghong 9” (Yh) and its mutant “Huangyu” (Hy) leaves were analyzed. The results demonstrated that Hy had better chemical qualities and sensory characteristics, on average, such as a higher content of tea polyphenols, free amino acids, caffeine, galloylated catechins (GaCs) and non-galloylated catechins (NGaCs), while the hue of the tea brew (ΔE*ab and Δb*) increased, which meant that the tea brew was yellower and redder. Moreover, the data showed that the physicochemical qualities of SpHy (Hy processed in spring) were superior to those of SuHy (Hy processed in summer) and AuHy (Hy processed in autumn), and 92.6% of the total variance in PCA score plots effectively explained the separation of the physicochemical qualities of Yh and Hy processed in different harvesting seasons. In summary, Hy processed in spring was superior in its physicochemical qualities. The current results will provide scientific guidance for the production of high-quality large-leaf-variety black tea in South China.     

The Role of Taraxacum mongolicum in a Puccinellia tenuiflora Community under Saline–Alkali Stress

Coexisting salt and alkaline stresses seriously threaten plant survival. Most studies have focused on halophytes; however, knowledge on how plants defend against saline–alkali stress is limited. This study investigated the role of Taraxacum mongolicum in a Puccinellia tenuiflora community under environmental saline–alkali stress to analyse the response of elements and metabolites in T. mongolicum, using P. tenuiflora as a control. The results show that the macroelements Ca and Mg are significantly accumulated in the aboveground parts (particularly in the stem) of T. mongolicum. Microelements B and Mo are also accumulated in T. mongolicum. Microelement B can adjust the transformation of sugars, and Mo contributes to the improvement in nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, the metabolomic results demonstrate that T. mongolicum leads to decreased sugar accumulation and increased amounts of amino acids and organic acids to help plants resist saline–alkali stress. The resource allocation of carbon (sugar) and nitrogen (amino acids) results in the accumulation of only a few phenolic metabolites (i.e., petunidin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) in T. mongolicum. These phenolic metabolites help to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species. Our study primarily helps in understanding the contribution of T. mongolicum in P. tenuiflora communities on coping with saline–alkali stress.     

Ultrabright AIEdots with tunable narrow emission for multiplexed fluorescence imaging

AIEgen doped fluorescent nanodots (AIEdots) have attracted lots of attention, due to their superior characteristics as fluorescent probes, such as excellent photostability, large Stokes shift, high brightness and tunable emission. Unfortunately, most of the currently available AIEdots exhibit broad emission bandwidth, which limits their applications in multiplexed fluorescence imaging and detection. In this work, the strategy of designing and fabricating narrow emissive AIEdots (NE-AIEdots) with tunable wavelengths was presented by constructing a light-harvesting system with high energy transfer efficiency. Efficient intra-particle energy transfer from highly doped AIEgens, serving as the light-harvesting antenna, to the lightly doped narrow emissive fluorophore, resulted in high brightness and narrow emission. The emission band of NE-AIEdots with the full-width-at-half-maximum varied from 18 to 36 nm was 3–6.3 times narrower than that of traditional AIEdots. The single-particle brightness of NE-AIEdots was over 5-times that of commercial quantum dots under the same excitation and collection conditions. Taking advantage of the superior performance of these NE-AIEdots, multiplexed fluorescence imaging of lymph nodes in living mice was realized, which supported the future applications of NE-AIEdots for in vivo multiplexed labeling and clinical surgery.

AIEdots with high brightness and narrow emission bandwidth were developed for multiplexed in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging.     

在NiMnCo-Cu-C体系中生长宝石级金刚石单晶

利用温度梯度法在NiMnCo-Cu-C体系、于5.5 GPa、1250℃条件下进行了宝石级金刚石单晶的生长研究,结果发现,Cu片在触媒中的放置位置和其在金属触媒中所占体积分数对宝石级金刚石单晶的生长具有明显影响.当Cu片放置在碳源和触媒之间时,将不会有充足的碳源扩散到籽晶上,晶体无法生长;但放在触媒中其他位置,体积分数适当时,不会对晶体生长有明显影响.随着Cu体积分数增加,优质晶体生长将变得困难,当体积分数在20;时,晶体有生长,但晶体内部跟表面明显存在由于包裹体存在造成的生长坑洞;当体积分数在40;左右时,晶体将不再生长.不过当Cu在触媒中的体积分数适当时,会降低碳源在触媒中的输运,从而对抑制自发核生长起到一定的作用.     

Ni-W-纳米Al2O3复合涂层沉积特性的研究

采用复合电镀的方法制备出Ni-W-纳米Al2O3复合涂层,研究了Al2O3添加量、温度和超声波分散等沉积条件对复合涂层沉积特性如沉积速率、Al2O3复合量和显微硬度的影响.结果表明,随着纳米Al2O3添加量的增加,复合涂层的沉积速率、Al2O3复合量和显微硬度不断增加,但当Al2O3添加量达到15g/L时沉积速度开始下降,Al2O3添加量达到17.5g/L时硬度开始下降;适宜的镀液温度大约为80℃,超声波分散时间大约为1h.     

Faithful Teleportation of an Unknown Atomic-Entangled State Without Bell-State Measurement

An alternative scheme is proposed for teleportation of an unknown atomic-entangled state. The scheme is based on the resonant interaction of a two-mode cavity field with a A-type three-level atom. In contrast with the previously proposed scheme of [Commun. Theor. Phys. 47 （2007） 253], the present scheme is ascendant, since the fidelity is 1.0 in principle similarly without the Bell-state measurement. The scheme may be generalized to not only the teleportation of the cavity-mode-entangled-state but also the teleportation of the multi-atomic entangled states included in generalized GHZ states. And the scheme is experimentally feasible based on the current cavity QED technique.     

原位高压测试技术在高压结构及性质研究中的应用

高压科学是研究不同压力条件下物质的结构、状态、理化性质及变化规律的学科。在高压科学研究中,多以凝聚态物质为研究对象,涉及的领域也非常广泛,包括物理学、化学、材料学、地质学、生物学、航天学等等,是一门以实验为基础的学科。高压科学之所以能成为一门独立的学科,还因为高压研究需要使用特殊且精巧的技术和方法来实现,是以技术创新为牵引的科学研究领域。而今,各种实验测试手段已经可以成熟地运用在该学科中,比较常见的有：高压拉曼散射、高压红外光谱、高压布里渊散射、高压同步辐射XRD、高压电学测量以及高压磁学测量等诸多技术。文章系统介绍了以上高压原位实验测试方法的原理、发展、作用及应用,有助于读者对原位高压测试技术有更深刻的认识和理解,为更高压力下的原位高压探测技术的发展提供重要的基础和借鉴。     

碲锌镉晶体晶格畸变的测定与分析

在高分辨X射线衍射仪上,利用不对称布拉格衍射STD技术与单晶摇摆曲线技术相结合的方法,对碲锌镉单晶材料的晶格畸变进行了分析测定.此方法实现了一次装样,多角度、多次测定晶体的摇摆曲线,从而利用多组实验数据完成多元线性回归方程组的求解,避开了一般应变测定方法中难以确定无应力状态下衍射角的问题.所测定的生长态碲锌镉晶片晶格畸变量为10-3～10-2数量级,该畸变量是碲锌镉晶片存在成份偏析、位错和空位等缺陷以及晶片受到的应力综合作用的结果.     

Unraveling the reactivity of a cationic iminoborane: avenues to unusual boron cations

A cationic terminal iminoborane [Mes*N B ← IPr₂Me₂][AlBr₄] (3⁺[AlBr₄]⁻) (Mes* = 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl and IPr₂Me₂ = 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) has been synthesized and characterized. The employment of an aryl group and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand enables 3⁺[AlBr₄]⁻ to exhibit both B-centered Lewis acidity and BN multiple bond reactivities, thus allowing for the construction of tri-coordinate boron cations 5⁺–12⁺. More importantly, initial reactions involving coordination, addition, and [2 + 3] cycloadditions have been observed for the cationic iminoborane, demonstrating the potential to build numerous organoboron species via several synthetic routes.

An NHC-stabilized aryliminoboryl cation exhibits both boron-centered Lewis acidity and multiple bond reactivity and could be utilized as an effective synthon for unusual cationic boron species.