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181.
Two symmetric ditopic supramolecular templates (1 and 2) each presenting two hydrogen bonding recognition subunits were synthesized. Each such subunit comprises the same donor and acceptor pattern, capable of binding a substrate molecule with complementary hydrogen bonding groups to form a supramolecular complex. Substrate molecules, such as thymine or uracil derivatives, yield 2 : 1 complexes with the acceptors involving two hydrogen bonds to each subunit with ideal orientation for subsequent [2 + 2] dimerization upon photoirradiation. Selective syn photoproduct formation and concomitant suppression of the trans isomer are favored by orientation of the two guest nucleobases within the template cleft. Complementary donor and acceptor hydrogen bonding induced positioning of the two substrates and steric hindrance within the template clefts are responsible for the selective product formation. 相似文献
182.
B. N. Khoury 《Computational Management Science》2009,6(4):399-409
The hedging-point policy for a production-inventory system is investigated under the effect of probabilistic machine breakdowns
and repairs assuming general discrete distributions for the repair time and the time to failure. Using a methodology whereby
inventory levels can assume only discrete values, an optimal safety stock size that minimizes the total expected cost per
unit time is determined. 相似文献
183.
M. Khoury A. Gunther S. Miličić J. Rack S.M. Goodnick D. Vasileska T.J. Thornton D.K. Ferry 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2000,71(4):415-421
We present experimental results for two types of quantum dots, which are embedded within a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor
structure. Evidence is found for single-electron charging at low temperature, and for an asymmetric shape of the dot. First
results of simulations of these dots are presented.
Received: 14 April 2000 / Accepted: 17 April 2000 / Published online: 6 September 2000 相似文献
184.
Modifications of general relativity provide an alternative explanation to dark energy for the observed acceleration of the universe. We review recent developments in modified gravity theories, focusing on higher-dimensional approaches and chameleon/f(R) theories. We classify these models in terms of the screening mechanisms that enable such theories to approach general relativity on small scales (and thus satisfy solar system constraints). We describe general features of the modified Friedman equation in such theories.The second half of this review describes experimental tests of gravity in light of the new theoretical approaches. We summarize the high precision tests of gravity on laboratory and solar system scales. We describe in some detail tests on astrophysical scales ranging from ∼ kpc (galaxy scales) to ∼ Gpc (large-scale structure). These tests rely on the growth and inter-relationship of perturbations in the metric potentials, density and velocity fields which can be measured using gravitational lensing, galaxy cluster abundances, galaxy clustering and the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. A robust way to interpret observations is by constraining effective parameters, such as the ratio of the two metric potentials. Currently tests of gravity on astrophysical scales are in the early stages — we summarize these tests and discuss the interesting prospects for new tests in the coming decade. 相似文献
185.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option. 相似文献