Doublet bands at borders of A ≈ 130 island of chiral candidates: Case study of ~(120)I

Positive-parity doublet bands were reported in ~(120)I. Based on these, we discuss the corresponding experimental characteristics, including rotational alignment, and re-examine the corresponding configuration assignment.The self-consistent tilted axis cranking relativistic mean-field calculations indicate that the doublet bands are built on the configuration πh_(11/2)■νh_(11/2)~(-1). By adopting the two quasiparticles coupled with a triaxial rotor model, the excitation energies, energy staggering parameter S(I), B(M1)/B(E2), effective angles, and K plots are discussed and compared with available data. The obtained results support the interpretation of chiral doublet bands for the positive-parity doublet bands in ~(120)I, and hence identify this nucleus as the border of the A ≈ 130 island of chiral candidates.     

质子治疗装置动态电源控制系统研发

针对质子治疗装置中主环动态电源多平台能量的引出需求,研制了基于开源平台的高速实时动态电源控制系统,该控制系统以开源平台Beaglebone作为顶层硬件接口,以现场可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA）为核心的控制器作为底层硬件接口,采用分布式的实验物理及工业控制系统（EPICS）进行远程控制。该系统可实时传输任意动态电源的输出参考电流波形数据,并结合定时系统与联锁系统,控制动态电源按预设电流波形进行输出,并实现多平台能量的引出。实验结果显示该控制系统能实现每秒最高十万条指令传输,百万次数据传输零误码率。同时,该系统结构灵活、扩展性强,可作为通用控制平台。     

LIBS中药材石斛等级识别研究

石斛是一种常用的中药材,经常使用新鲜的或干燥的茎条入药,有益胃生津、滋阴清热的效果。近年来,药理学研究探索出石斛具有抗白内障、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、提高免疫力的作用,其在许多病例中疗效显著,引起了国内外学者的关注,然而不同时间采集的石斛中氨基酸、微量元素等含量各不同,其对应药用价值,价格也不同,因此石斛价格等级分辨的研究具有重要意义。为快速鉴别不同价格、不同药效的石斛,研究了随机森林分类模型结合激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)对石斛价格等级进行分析建模。选取5个等级的石斛样品进行建模,为了对样品进行精确稳定分析,所有石斛样品均通过粉碎压片减小实验误差。采用1 064 nm波长的Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器作为激发光源,设置激光脉冲能量50 mJ,探测延时1μs,采集五个等级石斛样本的光谱数据,每个等级的样本采集40组光谱,共200组数据,并采用归一化处理,使所有的光谱数据转换到-1~1之间。采用归一化处理后的光谱数据进行主成分分析,通过主成分分析获得前7个主成分的得分矩阵,其累计解释95.24%的光谱信息。将选取的7个主成分作为输入,建立波段为220~880 nm的随机森林鉴别模型。并将石斛样本编号打乱,任意选取50%的光谱数据作为训练集,剩下50%的光谱数据作为测试集,默认决策树个数ntree为500,分裂属性集中属性个数mtry为5,建立模型对不同等级的石斛进行分类。等级一、二、三、四、五的识别率分别为95.45%, 100%, 78.26%, 94.12%和85%,平均识别率为90.57%。为提高识别率,研究了不同的ntree和mtry对分类模型的影响,利用袋外数据误差率估计对随机森林的两个参数进行了优化。选择ntree为300,mtry为1,等级一、二、三、四、五的识别率分别为100%, 100%, 92.31%, 100%和90%,平均识别率为96.46%,识别率提高了5.89%。综上所述,采用LIBS技术结合优化后的随机森林模型鉴别石斛等级具有一定的可行性,为未来快速鉴定不同价格的石斛等级分类提供了可行性的判别系统。     

新疆两处遗址出土绿松石文物的成分分析和产源判别

绿松石是一种产地有限,却在世界范围内被广泛使用的珍稀宝石资源,研究绿松石文物的矿料来源可为了解古代不同地区间珍稀资源的获取与交流模式、文化传播途径、早期贸易网络等学术问题提供帮助。新疆绿松石文物的矿料来源是近年来科技考古关注的热点问题之一,目前存在中原说、波斯说、新疆说和多元说等观点。研究新疆绿松石文物的产源,其难点在于既要保证文物的安全,又要确保分析数据的准确性,同时要避免样品表面污染对数据结果带来的干扰。鉴于此,采用等离子体原子发射光谱LA-ICP-AES对新疆加依、西沟两处墓地出土的绿松石进行化学成分分析,并结合秦岭东部五处产地的绿松石成分数据,经主成分分析绘制散点图——建立产地区分模型。主成分分析结果显示加依墓地样品中有五枚是罕见的锌绿松石,其余同西沟墓地绿松石的成分相近,均含有相对较高比例的Fe和Sr。结合中原地区的绿松石成分数据对比分析,发现新疆两遗址绿松石的微量元素特征相近,以高B2O低BaO为特征区别于中原地区的绿松石样品。在产地区分模型中,代表加依墓地和西沟墓地出土绿松石的散点聚集成团,且明显区分于白河、郧县、洛南、竹山、淅川五地的散点分布区域。综上结果表明新疆东部两处遗址的绿松石制品与中原东秦岭五处绿松石矿区所产矿料的成分差异较大,鉴于近年来新疆哈密发现与两处遗址同时代的绿松石采矿遗址,推测加依墓地、西沟墓地的绿松石制品其矿料来自中原地区的可能性较小。     

Terahertz wave emission from water lines

To make further understanding of terahertz(THz)wave generation from liquid water,we study THz wave emission from water lines of different diameters.The water line with a smaller diameter generates a stronger THz electric field for the diameters from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.The THz electric field strength and polarity change with the relative position between the incident laser and water line.Moreover,the THz energy has an optimal radiation angle of about 60°.A two-dimensional dipole array model is introduced to illustrate the phenomenon.Our observations contribute to optimizing the scheme of the liquid THz source.     

曲面相机阵列多分辨成像方法

针对现有成像系统因数据冗余而无法兼顾大视场、高分辨、高效性的问题,结合人眼视网膜变分辨成像和并列式复眼成像原理,设计一种多分辨率成像的复合仿生成像系统.该成像系统按照球面和平面兼顾的曲面布局方式,利用11个相机镜头构建相机阵列,组成了四个等级分辨率的子眼拍摄模块.通过物距100 m的远景实验和物距10 m的近景实验发现,该系统在实现高分辨成像的同时,获得总视场达150.8°×37.8°.多分辨率成像实验结果表明,该系统获取的图像的分辨率从中心视场到边缘视场逐渐降低,并且相较于中心清晰全视场成像,四级分辨率成像的拼接图像数据量减少了17.2倍的数据冗余.     

GaInP/GaAs/Ge三结太阳电池不同能量质子辐照损伤模拟

以GaInP/GaAs/Ge三结太阳电池为研究对象,开展了能量为0.7, 1, 3, 5, 10 MeV的质子辐照损伤模拟研究,建立了三结太阳电池结构模型和不同能量质子辐照模型,获得了不同质子辐照条件下的I-V曲线,光谱响应曲线,结合已有实验结果验证了本文模拟结果,分析了三结太阳电池短路电流、开路电压、最大功率、光谱响应随质子能量的变化规律,利用不同辐照条件下三结太阳电池最大输出功率退化结果,拟合得到了三结太阳电池最大输出功率随位移损伤剂量的退化曲线.研究结果表明,质子辐照会在三结太阳电池中引入位移损伤缺陷,使得少数载流子扩散长度退化幅度随质子能量的减小而增大,从而导致三结太阳电池相关电学参数的退化随质子能量的减小而增大.相同辐照条件下,中电池光谱响应退化幅度远大于顶电池光谱响应退化幅度,中电池抗辐照性能较差,同时中电池长波范围内光谱响应的退化幅度比短波范围更大,表明中电池相关电学参数的退化主要来源于基区损伤.     

Surface passivation in n-type silicon and its application in silicon drift detector

Based on the surface passivation of n-type silicon in a silicon drift detector(SDD), we propose a new passivation structure of SiO2/Al2O3/SiO2 passivation stacks. Since the SiO2 formed by the nitric-acid-oxidation-of-silicon(NAOS)method has good compactness and simple process, the first layer film is formed by the NAOS method. The Al2O3 film is also introduced into the passivation stacks owing to exceptional advantages such as good interface characteristic and simple process. In addition, for requirements of thickness and deposition temperature, the third layer of the SiO2 film is deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD). The deposition of the SiO2 film by PECVD is a low-temperature process and has a high deposition rate, which causes little damage to the device and makes the SiO2 film very suitable for serving as the third passivation layer. The passivation approach of stacks can saturate dangling bonds at the interface between stacks and the silicon substrate, and provide positive charge to optimize the field passivation of the n-type substrate.The passivation method ultimately achieves a good combination of chemical and field passivations. Experimental results show that with the passivation structure of SiO2/Al2O3/SiO2, the final minority carrier lifetime reaches 5223 μs at injection of 5×10¹⁵ cm^-3. When it is applied to the passivation of SDD, the leakage current is reduced to the order of nA.     

核电池概述及展望

核电池具有能量密度高、工作稳定可靠、无需人工干预等优点,在需要长期稳定供电的场合具有独特优势,其中热转换式核电池(RTG)是技术最为成熟且应用最早的一类,而β辐射伏特效应核电池已有商业化案例。目前,在β辐射伏特效应核电池研究中存在着放射源自吸收效应浪费能量、转化效率低、换能器件辐射损伤严重等问题,而对于一个实际的核电池,由于放射源自身不断衰变的属性,导致源的成分及其活度随着时间而发生变化,最终影响核电池的电学性能,其影响程度需要加以深入研究。本文以时间轴的形式对核电池的发展进行了全面回顾,简要介绍多种主流类型核电池的原理和应用范围;对于β辐射伏特效应核电池,指出放射源的自吸收是其中的关键科学问题。对于使用63Ni和TiT₂放射源的核电池,给出了其电学性能随时间变化的规律;指出对于某一特定结构的β辐射伏特效应核电池设计,在前期的模拟优化环节中,精细计算是至关重要的;最后提出了将放射源与换能材料相结合、使用含有较重同位素的换能器件的设想,这些设想有利于解决放射源自吸收问题、提高核电池输出功率和减轻辐射损伤的影响。     

Optical Trapping with Focused Surface Waves

Near-field optical trapping can be realized with focused evanescent waves that are excited at the water–glass interface due to the total internal reflection, or with focused plasmonic waves excited on the water–gold interface. Herein, the performance of these two kinds of near-field optical trapping techniques is compared using the same optical microscope configuration. Experimental results show that only a single-micron polystyrene bead can be trapped by the focused evanescent waves, whereas many beads are simultaneously attracted to the center of the excited region by focused plasmonic waves. This difference in trapping behavior is analyzed from the electric field intensity distributions of these two kinds of focused surface waves and the difference in trapping behavior is attributed to photothermal effects due to the light absorption by the gold film.