Radiative lifetimes of ions measured with the photoelectron spectrometer

Using a modified photoelectron spectrometer the radiative lifetimes of some electronically excited diatomic and triatomic molecular ions have been determined. The method is based on measuring the time delay between the ejection of a photoelectron from a molecule and the emission of a photon from the resulting ion.     

Flow injection analysis. principles,applications and trends

The basic principles of Flow Injection Analysis are outlined. The parameters governing the dispersion of the injected sample zone in the system are discussed, and it is demonstrated how these parameters can be manipulated in order to suit the requirements of an individual analytical procedure. A number of examples illustrating the practical application of f.i.a. are described, comprising the use of automated, stopped-flow, merging-zones, extraction techniques as well as f.i.a. scanning and methods based on intermittent pumping. Updated lists on f.i.a. procedures published and species that can be determined by f.i.a. are included.     

Microstructure determination of poly-(1,3-pentadiene) by a combination of infrared, 60-MHz NMR, 300-MHz NMR,and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy

A quantitative procedure has been developed for characterizing the complete microstructure of polymers of 1,3-pentadiene, including the tacticity of any crystalline component. This can be accomplished by a combination of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray crystallinity, and 300-MHz NMR spectroscopy. A series of high structural purity polymers were synthesized with a series of previously unreported mixed microstructures. These samples were characterized by using the three techniques mentioned, including the previously unreported 300-MHz NMR data. With those results a 60-MHz NMR/IR method of spectroscopy was developed to determine the composition of poly(1,3-pentadiene)s in terms of percent cis-1,2-, cis-1,4-, trans-1,4-, and 3,4-pentadiene units.     

On the optical activity of paraffinic hydrocarbons

An expression for potential energy as a function of torsion angle about a saturated CC bond is developed analytically. This equation is used in the development of two methods for the conformational analysis of paraffins-one based on consideration only of exactly staggered conformers and one giving consideration to energy at 1° intervals of torsion angle. Two methods of assigning molecular rotations to hydrocarbon conformers are considered. Various combinations of results so obtained are compared as ways to calculate rotations for paraffins.     

Ein Computerverfahren für die Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung Organischer Proben bei Fraktionierter Direktverdampfung

A procedure is described for use of an on-line digital computer to acquire and process low resolution mass spectra obtained by a fractionated evaporation technique. The procedure generates unambiguous spectra from uniform solid or liquid organic substances, and characteristic spectra from multicomponent organic solid or liquid samples. The system is realised with minimal hardware configuration.     

Activation analysis with fast neutrons using a cyclotron

A systematic study of activation analysis with cyclotron-produced neutrons for (n, 2n), (n, p) and (n, α) reactions is presented. The limits of detection for elements of atomic number from 6 to 80 are given. The possibilities of optimization of irradiation conditions by the choice of the most suitable neutron spectrum are discussed. The potential of this fast neutron activation analysis method is compared with that of 14 MeV neutron activation analysis.     

Argentomctric coulomelric titration of thioacetamide

The coulometric determination of thioacetamide (TAA) with electrogenerated silver is described. The titration is done in a solution 0.1M in both ammonia and sodium hydroxide, and the end-point is detected potentiometncally with a silver-silver sulphide electrode. On repeat analyses of approx. 2-mg samples of TAA an average error of -04% (relative standard deviation 0.25%) was obtained. Important steps in the procedure include cleaning the silver generating electrode in nitric acid before each titration, purging well with nitrogen to remove oxygen, and not using too large a sample.     

An NQR study of the effects on the torsional oscillations of a molecular crystal due to uniaxial pressures

This work reports the experimental results of the uniaxial pressure dependence at various temperatures of the spin-lattice relaxation time, T₁, in paradichlorobenzene single crystals.The directionality of the pressure dependence, together the temperature dependence ot T₁ near room temperature, give us some information about the dependence of the molecular torsional frequencies and lifetimes of the oscillations ground levels with the intermolecular crystalline potential.     

Equilibrium of the reaction between dissolved sodium sulfide and biologically produced sulfur

The equilibrium of the heterogeneous reaction between dissolved sodium sulfide and biologically produced sulfur particles has been studied. Biologically produced sulfur was obtained from a bioreactor of a hydrogen sulfide removal process in which the dominating organism is Thiobacillus sp. W5. Detailed knowledge of this reaction is essential to understand its effect on the process. The results were compared with the equilibrium of the reaction of sulfide with ‘inorganic’ elemental sulfur. The equilibrium between dissolved sodium sulfide and biologically produced sulfur particles can be described by an equilibrium constant, K_x, which consists of a weighted sum of constants for polysulfide ions of different chain length, rather than a true single equilibrium constant. For biologically produced sulfur pK_x = 9.10 ± 0.08 (21 °C) and 9.17 ± 0.09 (35 °C) with an average polysulfide chain length x = 4.91 ± 0.32 (21 °C) and 4.59 ± 0.31 (35 °C). The pK_x value for biologically produced sulfur is significantly higher than for reaction of dissolved sodium sulfide with inorganic sulfur (pK_x = 8.82; 21 °C). This difference is probably caused by the negatively charged polymeric organic layer, which is present on biologically produced sulfur but absent with “inorganic” sulfur. Specific binding of polysulfide ions to the organic layer results in a higher polysulfide concentration at the reaction site compared to the bulk concentration. This results in an apparent decrease of the measured equilibrium constant, K_x.     

Analytical and radioanalytical quality control of purity and stability of radiopharmaceutical compound [186gRe]Re-HEDP for bone metastases pain palliation

Summary The nuclear properties of ^186gRe make it a useful agent for radionuclide therapy and imaging. The coordination compound [^186gRe]Re-HEDP has proved to be a successful bone seeking agent for palliation of metastatic bone pain. Chemical, radiochemical and radionuclidic purity of commercial radiopharmaceutical [^186gRe]Re-HEDP have been checked by means by γ- and β-spectrometries, INAA and paper radio-chromatography. The results indicate a good radionuclidic purity, with levels of contamination from the short-lived ¹⁸⁸Re well below the required specifications. After injection of the radiopharmaceutical, the radiochemical measurements conducted in vivo, on biological matrices, blood, plasma and urine, have shown that, entering the systemic circulation, ^186gRe dissociates from the bis-phosphonate complex as hydrosoluble [^186gRe]ReO₄-, and the two chemical species follow different biokinetics.