Influence of substrate morphology on organic layer growth: PTCDA on Ag(1 1 1)

By UV-excited photoelectron emission microscopy (UV-PEEM) we investigated the microscopic growth behavior of organic thin films using 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylicacid dianhydride (PTCDA) on a Ag(1 1 1) single crystal substrate as example. Direct, real time observation allows to correlate the initial growth modes and the related kinetic parameters with substrate properties like terrace width, step density, and step bunches from the submonolayer range up to 5 layers or more. Above room temperature PTCDA grows in a Stranski–Krastanov fashion: after completion of the first two stable layers three-dimensional islands are formed. The nucleation density strongly depends on the temperature and the substrate morphology thus affecting the properties of the organic film.     

Growth and structure of crystalline silica sheet on Ru(0001)

Thin SiO? films were grown on a Ru(0001) single crystal and studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy. The experimental results in combination with density functional theory calculations provide compelling evidence for the formation of crystalline, double-layer sheet silica weakly bound to a metal substrate.     

All-optical noninvasive control of unstable steady states in a semiconductor laser

All-optical noninvasive control of a multisection semiconductor laser by means of time-delayed feedback from an external Fabry-Perot cavity is realized experimentally. A theoretical analysis, in both a generic model as well as a device-specific simulation, points out the role of the optical phase. Using phase-dependent feedback we demonstrate stabilization of the continuous-wave laser output and noninvasive suppression of intensity pulsations.     

R134a在板式换热器中的凝结换热实验研究

本文对R134a在板式换热器内的凝结换热特性进行了实验研究,通过测量换热器中冷却水及板壁温度获得了局部凝结换热系数随蒸气干度、质量流量及热流密度的变化关系.实验结果表明,凝结换热系数随着蒸气干度增加而增加.文章还将实验结果与部分文献数据进行了比较与分析.本文的研究为换热准则关系式的发展提供了实验数据.     

Low temperature adsorption of oxygen on reduced V2O3(0 0 0 1) surfaces

Well ordered V₂O₃(0 0 0 1) films were prepared on Au(1 1 1) and W(1 1 0) substrates. These films are terminated by a layer of vanadyl groups under typical UHV conditions. Reduction by electron bombardment may remove the oxygen atoms of the vanadyl layer, leading to a surface terminated by vanadium atoms. The interaction of oxygen with the reduced V₂O₃(0 0 0 1) surface has been studied in the temperature range from 80 to 610 K. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) were used to study the adsorbed oxygen species. Low temperature adsorption of oxygen on reduced V₂O₃(0 0 0 1) occurs both dissociatively and molecularly. At 90 K a negatively charged molecular oxygen species is observed. Upon annealing the adsorbed oxygen species dissociates, re-oxidizing the reduced surface by the formation of vanadyl species. Density functional theory was employed to calculate the structure and the vibrational frequencies of the O₂ species on the surface. Using both cluster and periodic models, the surface species could be identified as η²-peroxo () lying flat on surface, bonded to the surface vanadium atoms. Although the O-O vibrational normal mode involves motions almost parallel to the surface, it can be detected by infrared spectroscopy because it is connected with a change of the dipole moment perpendicular to the surface.     

Innovative Measurement Techniques in Surface Science

We describe four new experimental techniques advanced during the last decade in the authors’ laboratory. The techniques include photon scanning tunneling microscopy; aberration‐corrected low‐energy electron microscopy in combination with photoelectron emission microscopy, microcalorimetry, and electron‐spin resonance spectroscopy. It is demonstrated how those techniques may be applied to solve fundamental problems in surface science with growing demands to tackle complex nanoscopic systems, and, in particular in catalysis science, which, without the availability of those techniques, would be difficult if not impossible to address.