HDDR过程中三元和多元Nd-Fe-B合金磁畴结构的MFM研究

用磁力显微镜研究了三元Nd-Fe-B合金在HDDR过程的不同阶段(铸态、不充分吸氢歧化、充分吸氢歧化和脱氢再复合)的破畴结构。在铸态样品表面清楚地观察到了易磁化轴互相垂直的柱状晶表面的两类磁畴图型。当样品不充分吸氢歧化和充分吸氢歧化时，破畴结构明显发生变化，反映了Nd-Fe-B的分解产物NdH2，α-Fe和Fe2B及其微晶结构的变化。脱氢再复合后形成的微晶的磁畴结构则表明样品保留了铸态样品柱状晶的构型。此外，还对比研究了多元Nd-Fe-B合金在HDDR过程中的磁畴结构，并根据微磁结构分析，指出过量的Ga元素添加可抑制Nd2(Fe，M)14B相的吸氢歧化，从而导致相应HDDR粘结磁体性能降低。     

乙炔氢氯化反应中的负载金-离子液体催化剂:离子态金物种的稳定机制

聚氯乙烯(PVC)作为世界通用工程塑料之一,具有优异的物理、化学和机械性能,在工业、农业、建筑、包装、电力等行业中应用广泛.氯乙烯是生产聚氯乙烯的重要单体.氯乙烯的生产主要有电石法和乙烯法两种工艺路线,由于我国“贫油、富煤、少气”的资源现状,电石法产能占全部产能的83%以上.电石法生产氯乙烯的原理是在氯化汞催化剂存在下,将电石水解精制后的乙炔气与氯化氢加成直接合成氯乙烯.随着节能减排及环保要求的逐渐提高和国际涉汞公约的实施,开发新一代绿色无汞催化剂具有重要的战略意义.近年来,金基催化剂是无汞催化剂基础研究和技术开发中最重要的方向.在之前的工作中,我们课题组首先报道了负载离子液体-金催化剂体系(Au-SILP)在电石法生产氯乙烯工艺中的应用,并发现离子液体的存在可以显著提高金活性物种在载体表面的分散度和稳定其化学价态.在后续研究中,我们在负载离子液体-金催化体系中引入金属铜离子(Cu^2+),利用反应过程中Au-Cu之间的氧化还原循环,设计并制备了金属铜基配位离子液体,构建了负载离子液体-金-铜催化剂体系.铜离子的引入形成了一个催化剂自身维持氧化态的微环境,实现了被还原金物种的原位氧化再生.本文在上述研究基础上,利用配位离子液体[Bmim][N(CN)2]中[N(CN)2^–]阴离子和阳离子金之间的强配位作用,构建出比Au-Cl键更稳定的Au–N键,并通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、球差校正-扫描透射电镜(AC-STEM)和扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)表征证明了Au以单原子状态存在于载体表面.制备的Au-N(CN)2/AC催化剂在乙炔氢氯化反应中表现出比Au-Cl/AC和Au/AC催化剂更高的稳定性和催化活性以及更短的诱导期.进一步表征分析发现,[N(CN)2^–]配体促进了阳离子金和配体之间的电子转移,提高了阳离子金的电子云密度,削弱了乙炔在阳离子金上的吸附强度,抑制了其还原,提高了催化剂的稳定性.更重要的是,与阳离子金配位的[N(CN)2^–]配体使得反应过程中的氯化氢在氮位点发生化学解离,促进了氯化氢活化,同时降低了反应能垒.对负载配位离子液体-金催化体系反应诱导期的分析结果表明,反应诱导期与反应物(乙炔、氯化氢)分子在离子液体层中的溶解度无关,而主要取决于催化剂中Au(Ⅲ)物种的含量和反应物分子在离子液体中的扩散速率.上述研究结果进一步深化了离子液体和活性金物种之间电子的作用机理,建立了负载离子液体-金催化剂体系对反应物的活化机制和反应机理,为进一步开发具有工业应用价值的乙炔氢氯化反应无汞催化剂提供了科学基础和参考.     

Mechanofluorochromic Carbon Nanodots: Controllable Pressure‐Triggered Blue‐ and Red‐Shifted Photoluminescence

Mechanofluorochromic materials, which change their photoluminescence (PL) colors in responding to mechanical stimuli, can be used as mechanosensors, security papers, and photoelectronic devices. However, traditional mechanofluorochromic materials can only be adjusted to a monotone direction upon the external stimuli. Controllable pressure‐triggered blue‐ and red‐shifted PL is reported for C‐dots. The origin of mechanofluorochromism (MFC) in C‐dots is interpreted based on structure–property relationships. The carbonyl group and the π‐conjugated system play key roles in the PL change of C‐dots under high pressure. As the pressure increases, the enhanced π–π stacking of the π‐conjugated system causes the red‐shift of PL, while the conversion of carbonyl groups eventually induces a blue‐shift. Together with their low toxicity, good hydrophilicity, and small size, the tunable MFC property would boost various potential applications of C‐dots.     

摩擦接触问题的比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法

摩擦接触问题是计算力学领域最具挑战性的问题之一,接触系统的泛函具有非线性、非光滑的特点,导致接触算法的收敛性与精确性难以保证.因此将比例边界等几何分析(scaled boundary isogeometric analysis,SBIGA)与B可微方程组(B dierential equation,BDE)相结合,提出了求解二维摩擦接触问题的比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法.在比例边界等几何坐标变换的基础上,通过虚功原理推导了关于边界控制点变量的接触平衡方程,表示成B可微方程组形式的接触条件可被严格满足,求解B可微方程组的算法的收敛性有理论保证.此比例边界等几何B可微方程组方法(SBIGA-BDE)只需在接触体边界进行等几何离散,使问题降低一维,能精确描述接触边界,并可通过节点插入算法进行真实接触区域的识别.此外,由于几何建模和数值分析使用相同的基函数,节约了划分网格的时间.以赫兹接触问题和悬臂梁摩擦接触问题为例,通过与解析解及数值计算软件ANSYS计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法求解二维摩擦接触问题的有效性及高精度等特点.      

A Normal Criterion Concerning Omitted Holomorphic Function

In this paper, we continue to discuss the normality concerning omitted holomorphic function and get the following result. Let F be a family of meromorphic functions on a domain D, k ≥ 4 be a positive integer, and let a(z) and b(z) be two holomorphic functions on D, where a(z) 0 and f(z) ≠ ∞ whenever a(z)=0. If for any f ∈ F, f'(z) -a(z)f^k(z) ≠ b(z), then F is normal on D.     

Normality and shared values

LetF be a family of meromorphic functions on the unit disc Δ and leta andb be distinct values. If for everyf∈F,f andf′ sharea andb on Δ, thenF is normal on Δ. The first author was supported by NNSF of China approved no. 19771038 and by the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Bar-Ilan University.     

Global exponential stability for interval general bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with proportional delays

This paper is concerned with interval general bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with proportional delays. Using appropriate nonlinear variable transformations, the interval general BAM neural networks with proportional delays can be equivalently transformed into the interval general BAM neural networks with constant delays. The sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium point of the model is established by applying Brouwer's fixed point theorem. By constructing suitable delay differential inequalities, some sufficient conditions for the global exponential stability of the model are obtained. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results. This paper ends with a brief conclusion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quasi-variational inequalities, generalized Nash equilibria, and multi-leader-follower games

In Pang and Fukushima (Comput Manage Sci 2:21–56, 2005), a sequential penalty approach was presented for a quasi-variational inequality (QVI) with particular application to the generalized Nash game. To test the computational performance of the penalty method, numerical results were reported with an example from a multi-leader-follower game in an electric power market. However, due to an inverted sign in the penalty term in the example and some missing terms in the derivatives of the firms’ Lagrangian functions, the reported numerical results in Pang and Fukushima (Comput Manage Sci 2:21–56, 2005) are incorrect. Since the numerical examples of this kind are scarce in the literature and this particular example may be useful in the future research, we report the corrected results. The online version of the original article can be found under doi:.     

Adjustable picosecond pulse duration in a LD end pumped SESAM passively mode-locked Nd:YVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> laser

With adjustable pulse durations, a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) passively mode-locked picosecond Nd:YVO₄ laser was studied. The pulse duration was adjustable from 20 to 80 ps by using intracavity etalons of different thicknesses.