Topologies and Laplacian spectra of a deterministic uniform recursive tree

The uniform recursive tree (URT) is one of the most important models and has been successfully applied to many fields. Here we study exactly the topological characteristics and spectral properties of the Laplacian matrix of a deterministic uniform recursive tree, which is a deterministic version of URT. Firstly, from the perspective of complex networks, we determine the main structural characteristics of the deterministic tree. The obtained vigorous results show that the network has an exponential degree distribution, small average path length, power-law distribution of node betweenness, and positive degree-degree correlations. Then we determine the complete Laplacian spectra (eigenvalues) and their corresponding eigenvectors of the considered graph. Interestingly, all the Laplacian eigenvalues are distinct.     

Random Sierpinski network with scale-free small-world and modular structure

In this paper, we define a stochastic Sierpinski gasket, on the basis of which we construct a network called random Sierpinski network (RSN). We investigate analytically or numerically the statistical characteristics of RSN. The obtained results reveal that the properties of RSN is particularly rich, it is simultaneously scale-free, small-world, uncorrelated, modular, and maximal planar. All obtained analytical predictions are successfully contrasted with extensive numerical simulations. Our network representation method could be applied to study the complexity of some real systems in biological and information fields.     

Secure Direct Communication Based on Non-Orthogonal Entangled Pairs and Local Measurement

We propose a quantum secure direct communication scheme based on non-orthogonal entangled pairs and local measurement. In this scheme, we use eight non-orthogonal entangled pairs to act as quantum channels. Due to the non-orthogonality of the quantum channels, the present protocol can availably prohibit from all kinds of valid eavesdropping and acquire a secure quantum channel. By local measurement, the sender acquires a secret random sequence. The process of encoding on the random sequence is identical to the one in one-time-pad. So the present protocol is secure. Even for a highly lossy channel, our scheme is also valid. The scheme is feasible with present-day techniques.     

Interrogation technique for a fiber Bragg grating sensing array based on a Sagnac interferometer and an acousto-optic modulator

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel real-time interrogation technique for a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system that is based on a frequency-shifted asymmetric Sagnac interferometer. FBG sensors are connected to the Sagnac loop by an optical coupler, and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is asymmetrically placed in the Sagnac loop. By linearly sweeping the driving frequency of the AOM, the environmental variation around each FBG sensor can be determined by measuring the spectrum of the interference signals of the two counterpropagating light beams reflected by the corresponding FBG. The system has the advantages of low cost and real-time sensing.     

Observation of multiple higher-order stopgaps from three-dimensional chalcogenide glass photonic crystals

For the first time to our knowledge the observation of near-IR multiple higher-order stopgaps in three-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) fabricated using the direct-laser-writing method in thick chalcogenide glass films is reported. The fabrication and etching conditions necessary to realize well-defined structures are presented. The fabricated PhCs exhibit higher-order stopgaps, which are only evident in high-quality structures. The higher-order stopgaps observed permit these high-refractive-index and high-nonlinear PhCs to be used directly as functional photonic devices operating at telecommunication wavelengths without further miniaturizing structural dimensions.     

A magnetic resonance imaging-based articulatory and acoustic study of "retroflex" and "bunched" American English /r/

Speakers of rhotic dialects of North American English show a range of different tongue configurations for /r/. These variants produce acoustic profiles that are indistinguishable for the first three formants [Delattre, P., and Freeman, D. C., (1968). "A dialect study of American English r's by x-ray motion picture," Linguistics 44, 28-69; Westbury, J. R. et al. (1998), "Differences among speakers in lingual articulation for American English /r/," Speech Commun. 26, 203-206]. It is puzzling why this should be so, given the very different vocal tract configurations involved. In this paper, two subjects whose productions of "retroflex" /r/ and "bunched" /r/ show similar patterns of F1-F3 but very different spacing between F4 and F5 are contrasted. Using finite element analysis and area functions based on magnetic resonance images of the vocal tract for sustained productions, the results of computer vocal tract models are compared to actual speech recordings. In particular, formant-cavity affiliations are explored using formant sensitivity functions and vocal tract simple-tube models. The difference in F4/F5 patterns between the subjects is confirmed for several additional subjects with retroflex and bunched vocal tract configurations. The results suggest that the F4/F5 differences between the variants can be largely explained by differences in whether the long cavity behind the palatal constriction acts as a half- or a quarter-wavelength resonator.     

表面等离子体激元微盘的优化设计及应用

表面等离子体激元(SPP)微腔具有很高的品质因子和极小的模式体积,在光电子器件研究方面具有重要的应用价值。采用有限元法对表面等离子体激元的金属覆盖介质微盘谐振腔进行理论模拟,研究考虑微盘底半径、介质层厚度及金属膜厚度等参数对微盘表面等离子体模的品质因子及模体积的影响。研究表明,在光通信波段1550nm附近获得高品质因子(1000以上),极低模式体积的表面等离子体微盘。最后研究了利用优化设计的微盘进行折射率传感的应用,获得了高达300nm/RIU的折射率传感灵敏度。     

欠采样包裹相位图的展开算法

利用四种常见算法对由球面参考光像面数字全息显微术得到的中药饮片海金沙细胞的包裹相位图进行了相位解包裹。结果表明：基于离散余弦的最小二乘算法和预条件共轭梯度算法会使欠采样区域的误差进行传递,使得解包裹相位产生较大误差;质量图导向路径跟踪算法由于未识别残差点,导致出现拉线或者孤岛区域,而且处理速度很慢;基于横向剪切干涉的最小二乘算法处理欠采样包裹相位图的效果最好,而且处理速度较快。     

金纳米球壳对的局域表面等离激元共振特性分析

应用有限元方法, 研究金纳米球壳对的几何结构参数及物理参量对其表面等离激元共振的散射及消光光谱的影响, 并根据等离激元杂化理论进行了理论分析. 结果表明, 随着金壳厚度的增加, 金纳米球壳对的散射及消光共振峰先发生蓝移而后红移, 而随着金纳米球壳间隙的减小, 或者随着金纳米球壳的内核尺寸或内核介质折射率的增大, 散射及消光共振峰均发生红移; 随着金壳厚度或内核尺寸减小, 或者随着内核介质折射率增大, 金纳米球壳对的散射与消光共振强度减弱, 而随着金壳间隙的减小, 金纳米球壳对的散射共振强度先增强后减弱, 而消光共振强度逐渐增强, 数值模拟与理论分析一致.     

Large spot size and low-divergence angle operation of 917-nm edge-emitting semiconductor laser with an asymmetric waveguide structure

GaInAs/AlGaAs comprehensive-strained three-quantum-well lasers with asymmetric waveguide are designed and optimized. With this design, the optical field in the transverse direction is extended, and a semiconductor laser with large spot is obtained. For a 300-μm cavity length and 100-μm aperture device under continuous wave (CW) operation, the measured vertical and horizontal far-field divergence angles are 12.2° and 3.0°, respectively. The slope efficiency is 0.44 W/A and the lasing wavelength is 917 nm.The equivalent transverse spot size is 3 μm for the fundamental transverse mode, which is a sufficiently large value for the purpose of coupling and manipulation of light.