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101.
102.
Measurements of the orthogonal blade–vortex interaction using a particle image velocimetry technique
This paper describes the results of application of a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique to an orthogonal blade–vortex
interaction experiment. To help resolve the problem of vortex meander during the tests, two PIV systems were used, which produced
two velocity vector maps closely separated in time. During the PIV analysis an image-based vector validation scheme was used,
which was shown to reduce significantly the number of wild vectors reaching the vector map. Preliminary results from the tests
showed that, close to the blade, a significant radial outflow was superimposed on the vortex flow field. The radial flow is
thought to be due to the dispersion of the vortex axial core flow during vortex cutting, which distorts the vortex flow field
and enlarges the vortex. Further away from the blade, no significant radial flow was detected and the vortex remained undisturbed.
Received: 26 April 1999/Accepted: 9 November 1999 相似文献
103.
Jerry Green 《International Journal of Game Theory》2005,33(2):159-180
This paper presents an axiomatic characterization of a family of solutions to two-player quasi-linear social choice problems. In these problems the players select a single action from a set available to them. They may also transfer money between themselves.The solutions form a one-parameter family, where the parameter is a non-negative number, t.The solutions can be interpreted as follows: Any efficient action can be selected. Based on this action, compute for each player a “best claim for compensation”. A claim for compensation is the difference between the value of an alternative action and the selected efficient action, minus a penalty proportional to the extent to which the alternative action is inefficient. The coefficient of proportionality of this penalty is t. The best claim for compensation for a player is the maximum of this computed claim over all possible alternative actions. The solution, at the parameter value t, is to implement the chosen efficient action and make a monetary transfer equal to the average of these two best claims. The characterization relies on three main axioms. The paper presents and justifies these axioms and compares them to related conditions used in other bargaining contexts. In Nash Bargaining Theory, the axioms analogous to these three are in conflict with each other. In contrast, in the quasi-linear social choice setting of this paper, all three conditions can be satisfied simultaneously.This work was supported by the Division of Research at the Harvard Business School. Thanks are due to the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics at Yale University for its kind hospitality during the Spring of 2002. I have received helpful advice and comments from Youngsub Chun, Ehud Kalai, Herve Moulin, Al Roth, Ilya Segal, Adam Szeidl, Richard Zeckhauser, and other members of the Theory Seminars at Harvard, MIT, Princeton, Rice and Northwestern. 相似文献
104.
105.
Cycloheptyne-dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes, substituted by propargylic ether functions, undergo 2 + 2 + 2 cycloaddition reactions with alkynes to give tricyclic benzocycloheptanes; an all-intramolecular version of this transformation is also possible. 相似文献
106.
A comprehensive study of the excited electronic states of HCl is reported. Using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization ((2 + 1) REMPI) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) over 120 band systems are analyzed. Supersonic jet techniques are used to prepare rotationally cold species for laser spectroscopy in the 77 000 to 96 000 cm−1 region. At least 50 new electronic states are characterized as well as several features only tentatively assigned previously. A long vibrational progression consisting of 29 vibrational levels of the deeply bound V1Σ+(0+) valence/ion-pair state is studied. We also extend the identification and analysis to high vibrational levels of low-lying Rydberg states. The assignments of [2Πi] Rydberg state complexes are evaluated in terms of spin-orbit coupling and united-atom calculations. In several band systems, the spectra exhibit anomalous rotational line intensities and broadened linewidths which are consistent with predissociation. Multiphoton ionization with mass spectrometry permits the investigation of isotope effects as well as the appearance of fragment species associated with repulsive potential curves. 相似文献
107.
Semiconductor quantum dots as biological imaging agents 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Green M 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2004,43(32):4129-4131
108.
Increased interest in potential health-protective activities of flavonoid-rich tea has created the need to take advantage of HPLC column and system advances in order to optimize methodologies for flavonoid analysis. Two new RP-C18 methods for HPLC-DAD analysis of tea flavonoids were developed to facilitate separation of catechins within 5 min and separation of catechins and theaflavins within 10 min total analysis time. Calibration results indicate that these methods have on-column limits of detection on the order of 1-10 pmol for most tea catechins, and method replication generally resulted in intraday and interday peak area variation of <5% for catechins and <9% for theaflavins in green and black tea infusions. These new methods are therefore sensitive, reproducible, and represent a 2-4-fold reduction in HPLC analysis time from existing analytical methods. These improvements are readily achievable with commonly used HPLC equipment, thus facilitating increased sample throughput and efficiency across a broad range of experimental applications. 相似文献
109.
Poli MA Rivera VR Neal DD Baden DG Messer SA Plakas SM Dickey RW Said KE Flewelling L Green D White J 《Journal of AOAC International》2007,90(1):173-178
A new competitive electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay for the type-2 brevetoxins in oyster extracts was developed. The assay was verified by spiking known amounts of PbTx-3 into 80% methanol extracts of Gulf Coast oysters. We also provide preliminary data demonstrating that 100% acetone extracts, aqueous homogenates, and the clinical matrixes urine and serum can also be analyzed without significant matrix interferences. The assay offers the advantages of speed ( 2 h analysis time); simplicity (only 2 additions, one incubation period, and no wash steps before analysis); low limit of quantitation (conservatively, 50 pg/mL = 1 ng/g tissue equivalents); and a stable, nonradioactive label. Due to the variety of brevetoxin metabolites present and the lack of certified reference standards for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmation, a true validation of brevetoxins in shellfish extracts is not possible at this time. However, our assay correlated well with another brevetoxin immunoassay currently in use in the United States. We believe this assay could be useful as a regulatory screening tool and could support pharmacokinetic studies in animals and clinical evaluation of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning victims. 相似文献
110.
A. Spilker A. Stock H. Mallison P. H. Walker G. M. Green F. J. Nellensteyn J. C. M. Sauerbier E. Naumann W. Teuscher K. A. Hoepfner H. Metzger I. Ubaldini O. Mochi P. K. Breuer H. Broche J. Marcusson L. Vangasbecq W. P. Semljanitzyn H. Weber W. Littlejohn W. Thomas H. R. Berry E. H. Smith F. R. Lang H. A. J. Pieters J. K. Pfaff A. Kreutzer 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1933,92(9-10):392-400