Synthesis of (22S, 23S)-homobrassinolide and brassinolide from stigmasterol

(22S, 23S)-Homobrassinolide (2α, 3α, 22S, 23S-tetrahydroxy-24S-etyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5α-cholestan-6-one) and brassinolide (2α, 3α 22R, 23R-tetrahydroxy-24S-methyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5α-cholestan-6-one) were synthesized from stigmasterol and shown to promote plant growth.     

Time-resolved investigation of the de-excitation of xenon excimer by SF6 and N2 excited with synchrotron radiation

An attempt has been made 'o measure the rate constant for the de-excitation of a state-specified excimer using the pulse character of synchrotron radiation. The rate constants have been obtained for de-excitation of a vibrationally relaxed excimer Xe₂^*(O_u⁺; low v) by SF₆ and N₂ as 9 × 10^?10 and 7 × 10^?12 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1 respectively.     

Total synthesis of ent-cassa-12,15-diene, a putative precursor of rice phytoalexins, phytocassanes A-E

The first total synthesis of ent-cassa-12,15-diene, a putative precursor of diterpene phytoalexins, was accomplished.     

Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. II. Syntheses and antibacterial activities of optically active 7-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolones

Two optically active isomers of 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ( 10 ) were prepared. One of the isomer, 7-[(3S)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl] derivative 8 , was about 4 times more potent in vitro than the other, 7-[(3R)-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl] derivative 4 , and approximately two times more active than the racemate, 7-[(3RS)-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-yl] derivative 10. Optical active 8 was the most active in in vivo, followed by 10 , and 4 was the least active compound. But, they were more potent than CI-934 12 and norfloxacin. From the results, (3S)-hydroxypyrrolidinyl group was found to be one of the beneficial group for PCA-anti-bacterial agent.     

Cobalt carbonyl catalyzed reaction of tetrahydrofurans with a hydrosilane and carbon monoxide. A new reaction pathway leading to enol silyl ethers.

Cobalt carbonyl catalysed reaction of tetrahydrofurans with HSiEt₂Me and CO (1 atm) took a new reaction pathway leading to enol silyl ethers when acetonitrile was employed as the solvent.     

A new scheme of the time-domain fluorescence tomography for a semi-infinite turbid medium

Optical Review - A new scheme for reconstruction of a fluorophore target embedded in a semi-infinite medium was proposed and evaluated. In this scheme, we neglected the presence of the fluorophore...     

Global attractors for doubly nonlinear evolution equations with non-monotone perturbations

This paper addresses the analysis of dynamical systems generated by doubly nonlinear evolution equations governed by subdifferential operators with non-monotone perturbations in a reflexive Banach space setting. In order to construct global attractors, an approach based on the notion of generalized semiflow is employed instead of the usual semigroup approach, since solutions of the Cauchy problem for the equation might not be unique. Moreover, the preceding abstract theory is applied to a generalized Allen-Cahn equation as well as a semilinear parabolic equation with a nonlinear term involving gradients.     

Photon polarization entanglement induced by Biexciton: experimental evidence for violation of Bell's inequality

We have investigated the polarization entanglement between photon pairs generated from a biexciton in a CuCl single crystal via resonant hyperparametric scattering. The pulses of a high repetition pump are seen to provide improved statistical accuracy and the ability to test Bell's inequality. Our results clearly violate the inequality and thus manifest the quantum entanglement and nonlocality of the photon pairs. We also analyzed the quantum state of our photon pairs using quantum state tomography.     

Double-slit Interference and Temporal Topos

The electron double-slit interference is re-examined from the point of view of temporal topos. Temporal topos (or t-topos) is an abstract algebraic (categorical) method using the theory of sheaves. A brief introduction to t-topos is given. When the structural foundation for describing particles is based on t-topos, the particle-wave duality of electron is a natural consequence. A presheaf associated with the electron represents both particle-like and wave-like properties depending upon whether an object in the site (t-site) is specified (particle-like) or not (wave-like). It is shown that the localization of the electron at one of the slits is equivalent to choosing a particular object in the t-site and that the electron behaves as a wave when it passes through a double-slit because there are more than one object in the t-site. Also, the single-slit diffraction is interpreted as a result of the possibility of many different ways of factoring a morphism between two objects.