关于量子体系的高效相干能量转移的最优初始化的研究

For an energy transfer network, the irreversible depletion of excited electron energy occurs through either an efficient flow into an outer energy sink or an inefficient decay. With a small decay rate, the energy transfer efficiency is quantitatively reflected by the average life time of excitation energy before being trapped in the sink where the decay process is omitted. In the weak dissipation regime, the trapping time is analyzed within the exciton population subspace based on the secular Redfield equation. The requirement of the noise-enhanced energy transfer is obtained, where the trapping time follows an exact or approximate 1/Γ-scaling of the dissipation strength Γ. On the opposite side, optimal initial system states are conceptually constructed to suppress the 1/Γ-scaling of the trapping time and maximize the coherent transfer efficiency. Our theory is numerically testified in four models, including a biased two-site system, a symmetric three-site branching system, a homogeneous onedimensional chain, and an 8-chromophore FMO protein complex.     

激光辐照下皮肤组织光热响应有限元分析

为了更好地选择临床激光医疗曝光参量,采用有限元数值计算方法,模拟了脉冲激光与连续激光对人皮肤组织的光热作用及导致的温度变化效应,比较了两者的不同,得到了热响应时间及热弛豫时间与组织深度的关系,即组织越深(0～60 μm),其热响应时间(0～4 ms)与热弛豫时间(0.4～12.1 ms)越长;分析了激光脉宽长短对组织升温的影响;建立了评价脉冲间热损失的评价函数δ,并以此对脉冲间隔的选取作了探讨.     

分光光度法测定古代青铜器铅提取液中的微量铅

根据古代青铜器铅提取液的性质及质谱仪对样品的要求,对国标中双硫腙分光光度法测铅进行改进,选用具塞试管代替分液漏斗,取消掩蔽剂,减少原溶液用量,结果表明该方法操作简便,校准曲线在较大铅浓度范围内线性较好,完全满足质谱测试前铅含量测定要求。     

First-principles analysis of phonon thermal transport properties of two-dimensional WS_2/WSe_2 heterostructures

The van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures of bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide obtained by vertically stacking have drawn increasing attention for their enormous potential applications in semiconductors and insulators.Here,by using the first-principles calculations and the phonon Boltzmann transport equation(BTE),we studied the phonon transport properties of WS2/WSe2 bilayer heterostructures(WS2/WSe2-BHs).The lattice thermal conductivity of the ideal WS2/WSe2-BHs crystals at room temperature(RT)was 62.98 W/mK,which was clearly lower than the average lattice thermal conductivity of WS2 and WSe2 single layers.Another interesting finding is that the optical branches below 4.73 THz and acoustic branches have powerful coupling,mainly dominating the lattice thermal conductivity.Further,we also noticed that the phonon mean free path(MFP)of the WS2/WSe2-BHs(233 nm)was remarkably attenuated by the free-standing monolayer WS2(526 nm)and WSe2(1720 nm),leading to a small significant size effect of the WS2/WSe2-BHs.Our results systematically demonstrate the low optical and acoustic phonon modes-dominated phonon thermal transport in heterostructures and give a few important guidelines for the synthesis of van der Waals heterostructures with excellent phonon transport properties.     

哈佛大学有效提升物理教学质量的举措分析

深入探讨了哈佛大学提升物理课程教学质量的举措,诸如卓越的教学方法、全面的教师培养、科学的教学指导、高效的教学评价等.哈佛大学的这些全面、细致、具体、实用的举措对我国大学物理教学质量的提升具有一定的借鉴意义.     

考虑重力因素的断溶体储层“井-洞-缝”模型试井解释方法

顺北油田属于大型断裂构造运动形成的断溶体储层，纵向裂缝系统和垂向分布的溶洞是主要的储集体空间.本文提出溶洞中的压力变化是由流动和波动共同产生的，依此把能量守恒方程与试井理论相结合，建立考虑重力因素的断溶体储层试井解释方法.定义无量纲量，并对无量纲方程进行Laplace变换，得到Laplace空间上的井底压力.由Stehfest数值反演算法得到试井分析所需的图版曲线.对重力因素进行敏感性分析表明：重力因素只影响双对数曲线的末期，当重力因素很明显时，曲线特征类似于定压边界.对新疆油田的某井进行分析，解释了曲线后期下掉原因，并给出溶洞体积以及波动相关参数等，分析结果与生产实际情况相吻合.     

A theoretical study on the structure and hygroscopicity of ammonium dinitramide

Density functional theory (DFT) and the dispersion corrected DFT have been used to investigate the hygroscopicity of ammonium dinitramide (ADN). Calculation results show that the gaseous ADN has a strong hydrogen bond. But the ionic pair structure NH₄ ⁺ · N(NO₂)^? is stabilized upon the addition of water molecules. Natural bond orbital calculations suggest that the intra- and intermolecular orbital interactions LP(O) → σ*(N–H) or LP(O) → σ*(O–H) make the system stabilized as a whole. En energy decomposition analysis reveals that the interactions between ADN and H₂O are dominated by the electrostatic and orbital interactions. The formation reactions become more spontaneous with the increasing number of water molecules but can be weakened by the growing temperature from 200 to 400 K. Moreover, the molecular dynamic method is applied to explore a more realistic cluster model to study the interactions between ADN and H₂O.     

Electrochemical Characteristics of Discrete,Uniform, and Monodispersed Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres in Double‐Layered Supercapacitors

Core–shell‐structured mesoporous silica spheres were prepared by using n‐octadecyltrimethoxysilane (C18TMS) as the surfactant. Hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with controllable diameters were fabricated from core–shell‐structured mesoporous silica sphere templates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). By controlling the thickness of the silica shell, hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) with different diameters can be obtained. The use of ethylene as the carbon precursor in the CVD process produces the materials in a single step without the need to remove the surfactant. The mechanism of formation and the role played by the surfactant, C18TMS, are investigated. The materials have large potential in double‐layer supercapacitors, and their electrochemical properties were determined. HCSs with thicker mesoporous shells possess a larger surface area, which in turn increases their electrochemical capacitance. The samples prepared at a lower temperature also exhibit increased capacitance as a result of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) area and larger pore size.