Correlation length and fluctuations in inhomogeneous superconductors

The correlation length and the effect of fluctuations of the grains are calculated for weakly coupled granular superconductors, using a two order parameter Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson functional. The main effect of fluctuations is shown to be a shift of the coherent transition temperature, and the correlation length is compared to the corresponding expression in strongly coupled granular superconductors.     

Photolyse des 3-Phenyl-2, 1-benzisoxazols und einiger seiner Derivate in Salzsäure bzw. Schwefelsäure

Photolysis of 3-phenyl-2,1-benzisoxazole and some derivates in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid The photolysis of 3-phenylanthranils (3-phenyl-2, 1-benzisoxazoles) in conc. hydrochloric or sulfuric acid leads to the formation of 5-substituted 2-amino-benzophenones wherein the 5-substituent is the anion of the acid employed. 5-Halo-substituted 3-phenylanthranils, however, show a differing reaction pattern in the two acids. Whereas 2-amino-3, 5-dihalo-benzophenones are obtained when photolysis is effected in conc. hydrochloric acid, irradiation in sulfuric acid causes the hydroxy group to substitute the halogen which migrates to the 4-position of the 2, 1-benzisoxazole to yield 2-amino-5-hydroxy-6-halo-benzophenones. A similar behaviour in sulfuric acid is also observed with 5, 7-dichloro-3-phenylanthranil. When the 5-position of the anthranil is blocked by a phenyl group, irradiation in conc. hydrochloric acid leads to entry of the halogen mainly in this 5-phenyl substituent, as can be expected from mesomeric structures. The reaction mechanisms for the photolytic behaviour of 3-phenylanthranils in both conc. hydrochloric and sulfuric acid is discussed.     

Étude de la convergence numérique d'une méthode vortex pour un écoulement a grand nombre de Reynolds dans un mélangeurNumerical convergence of vortex method for a high Reynolds number 2D bluff-body flow

In this paper the convergence of the RVM for a complex flow is studied, in function of three discretization parameters. Two of these parameters are related to the spatial discretization of the vorticity Γ (sheet or blob strength) and h (sheet length or core radius) and the third one to the time discretization Δt. Two main events are observed: first, the computation works but the convergence is not attained, secondly the computation fails. The first behaviour is attributed to a lack of accuracy and the second to a lack of numerical stability. Once the stability conditions are satisfied, decreasing the value of parameters always leads to convergence. To cite this article: I. Mortazavi et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 409–416.     

Experimental study of turbulent round jet flow impinging on a square cylinder laid on a flat plate

A turbulent axisymmetric air jet impinging on a square cylinder mounted on a flat plate has been studied experimentally. Turbulence statistics and flow’s topology were investigated. When the surface was heated through uniform heat flux, local heat transfer coefficient was measured. The jet from a long round pipe, 75 pipe diameters (D) in length, at Reynolds number of 23,000, impinged vertically on the square cylinder (3D × 3D × 43D). Measurements were performed using particle image velocimetry, flow visualization using fluorescent dye and infrared thermography. The flow’s topology demonstrated a three-dimensional recirculation after separating from the square cylinder and a presence of foci between the bottom corner and the recirculation’s detachment line. The distribution of heat transfer coefficient was explained by the influence of these flow’s structures and the advection of kinetic energy. On the impingement wall of the square cylinder, a secondary peak in heat transfer coefficient was observed. Its origin can be attributed to very pronounced shear production coupled with the external turbulence coming from the free jet.     

Über Umlagerungen bei der Cyclialkylierung von Arylpentanolen zu 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐inden‐Derivaten, 2. Mitteilung

On Rearrangements by Cyclialkylations of Arylpentanols to 2,3‐Dihydro‐1 H ‐indene Derivatives. Part 2. An Unexpected Rearrangement by the Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclialkylation of 2,4‐Dimethyl‐2‐phenylpentan‐3‐ol under Formation of trans ‐2,3‐Dihydro‐1,1,2,3‐tetramethyl‐1 H ‐indene The acid catalyzed‐cyclialkylation of 4‐(2‐chloro‐phenyl)‐2,4‐dimethylpentan‐2‐ol ( 1 ) gave two products: 4‐chloro‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐1H‐indene ( 2 ) and also trans‐4‐chloro‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,1,2,3‐tetramethyl‐1H‐indene ( 3 ). A mechanism was proposed in Part 1 (cf. Scheme 1) for this unexpected rearrangement. This mechanism would mainly be supported by the result of the cyclialkylation of 2,4‐dimethyl‐2‐phenylpentan‐3‐ol ( 4 ), which, with respect to the similarity of ion II in Scheme 1 and ion V in Scheme 2, should give only product 5 . This was indeed the experimental result of this cyclialkylation. But the result of the cyclialkylation of 1,1,1,2′,2′,2′‐hexadeuterated isomer [²H₆]‐ 4 of 4 (cf. Scheme 3) requires a different mechanism as for the cyclialkylation of 1 . Such a mechanism is proposed in Schemes 5 and 6. It gives a satisfactory explanation of the experimental results and is supported by the result of the cyclialkylation of 2,4‐dimethyl‐3‐phenylpentan‐3‐ol ( 9 ; Scheme 7). The alternative migration of a Ph or of an i‐Pr group (cf. Scheme 6) is under further investigation.     

Succinimido–Ferrocidiphenol Complexed with Cyclodextrins Inhibits Glioblastoma Tumor Growth In Vitro and In Vivo without Noticeable Adverse Toxicity

SuccFerr (N-[4-ferrocenyl,5-5-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-pent-4-enyl]-succinimide) has remarkable antiproliferative effects in vitro, attributed to the formation of a stabilized quinone methide. The present article reports in vivo results for a possible preclinical study. SuccFerr is lipophilic and insoluble in water, so the development of a formulation to obviate this inconvenience was necessary. This was achieved by complexation with randomly methylated cyclodextrins (RAMEßCDs). This supramolecular water-soluble system allowed the in vivo experiments below to proceed. Application of SuccFerr on the glioblastoma cancer cell line U87 indicates that it affects the cellular cycle by inducing a blockade at G0/G1 phase, linked to apoptosis, and another one at the S phase, associated with senescence. Using healthy Fischer rats, we show that both intravenous and subcutaneous SuccFerr: RAMEßCD administration at 5 mg/kg lacks toxic effects on several organs. To reach lethality, doses higher than 200 mg/kg need to be administered. These results prompted us to perform an ectopic in vivo study at 1 mg/kg i.v. ferrocidiphenol SuccFerr using F98 cells xenografted in rats. Halting of cancer progression was observed after six days of injection, associated with an immunological defense response linked to the active principle. These results demonstrate that the properties of the selected ferrocidiphenol SuccFerr transfer successfully to in vivo conditions, leading to interesting therapeutic perspectives based on this chemistry.     

Scalable production of magnetic fluorescent cellulose microparticles

Cellulose - Fluorescent and magnetic nano- and microparticles have already been used for wide range of (bio)applications. Multimodal imaging as well as simultaneous control and monitoring of...     

The magnetic structure of EuPdSn

The TiNiSi-type structure, antiferromagnetic ordering and divalent state of europium in EuPdSn have been confirmed by neutron powder diffraction. The Néel temperature is 16.2(3) K. The magnetic diffraction peaks can be indexed with a propagation vector k = [0, 0.217, q(z)] (q(z) ≤ 0.02) at 13.2 K, and k = [0, 0.276, 0] at 3.6 K, indicating an incommensurate antiferromagnetic structure at both temperatures. At 13.2 K, the best refinement is obtained with a sinusoidally modulated magnetic structure and europium magnetic moments oriented in the (a,b) plane with an azimuthal angle ? of 66(4)°relative to the a-axis. By 3.6 K, the magnetic structure of EuPdSn has transformed to an (a,b) planar helimagnetic structure (a 'flat spiral').     

Implementation and validation of a slender vortex filament code: Its application to the study of a four‐vortex wake model

A computational code EZ‐vortex is developed for the motion of slender vortex filaments of closed or open shape. The integro‐differential equations governing the motion of the vortex centre lines are either the Callegari and Ting equations, which are the leading order solution of a matched asymptotic analysis, or equivalent forms of these equations. They include large axial velocity and nonsimilar profiles in the vortical cores. The fluid may be viscous or inviscid. This code is validated both against known solutions of these equations and results from linear stability analyses. The linear and non‐linear stages of a perturbed two‐vortex wake and of a four‐vortex wake model are then computed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.