Animal network phenomena: Insights from triadic games

Triadic interactions have a very important role to play in games of animal conflict on complex networks, because triads are both the simplest groups in which asymmetric network phenomena can be studied and the groups beyond dyads in which analysis of population games is most likely to be tractable, especially when allowing for intrinsic variation. Here we demonstrate how analytical models of triadic games can yield novel insights into a variety of behavioral phenomena within networks, including coalition formation, eavesdropping, and victory displays. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2009     

A qualitative study of amlodipine and its related compounds by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A comprehensive structural analysis of amlodipine and certain related compounds was performed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Triple quadrupole and quadrupole time-of-flight instruments were used to provide collision-induced dissociation and accurate mass measurement for selected product and second-generation product ions. A unique ion rearrangement was observed, which was found to be characteristic of certain dihydropyridines. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the fragmentation of these compounds. The structural elucidation of an unknown impurity is presented as an example.     

Thermodynamics of the second-stage dissociation of n-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid in water from 5 to 55°c

The thermodynamic second dissociation constants of the protonated form of N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid were determined at 12 temperatures from 5–55°C by measurement of the electromotive force using a cell without liquid junction, with hydrogen and silver—silver bromide electrodes. At 25°C, pK₂is 6.844. The standard changes in Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity were derived from the change of the pK₂ values with temperature. At 25°C, ΔG° = 9335 cal mol^-1, ΔH° = 2928 cal mol^-1, ΔS^o = -21.5 cal K^-1 mol^-1, and ΔC°_p = -34 cal K^-1 mol^-1. The results are interpreted and compared with those of structurally related compounds.     

The elastic constants of solid Ar

An interatomic potential for Ar₂ derived from high resolution elastic differential scattering cross sections, second virial coefficients and vibrational level spacings, by Parson et al. is used to calculate, by Monte Carlo methods, the elastic constants of solid Ar at 80°K and near zero pressure. The calculated solid state properties are compared with those of two other recently proposed Ar₂ potentials. Comparison with experiments confirm the presence of many body forces in the solid. Moreover, these appear to be almost quantitatively accounted for by the three body triple-dipole force.     

Soliton supermultiplets and Kaluza-Klein theory

We show that the monopoles of five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory, considered as solutions of the N = 8 supergravity theory in five dimensions, fit into the same supermultiplets as the original fields in that theory. We show that there is an electric-magnetic duality between these magnetic monopoles and the electrically charged antigravitating objects anticipated by Scherk. We formulate a Bogomolny inequality for N = 8 supergravity, and we speculate on the wider significance of these monopoles.     

Fermions on colliding branes

We study the behaviour of five-dimensional fermions localized on branes, which we describe by domain walls, when two parallel branes collide in a five-dimensional Minkowski background spacetime. We find that most fermions are localized on both branes as a whole even after collision. However, how much fermions are localized on which brane depends sensitively on the incident velocity and the coupling constants unless the fermions exist on both branes.     

Absolute branching fraction measurements of exclusive D+ semileptonic decays

Using data collected at the psi(3770) resonance with the CLEO-c detector at the Cornell e+e- storage ring, we present improved measurements of the absolute branching fractions of D+decays to K0e+ve, pi0e+ve, K*0e+ve, and p0e+ve, and the first observation and absolute branching fraction measurement of D+ --> omega e+ve. We also report the most precise tests to date of isospin invariance in semileptonic D0 and D+ decays.