Metal–Organic Framework‐Activated Carbon Composite Materials for the Removal of Ammonia from Contaminated Airstreams

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials that show promise in the removal of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) from contaminated airstreams, though their development for this application has so far been hindered by issues of water stability and the wide availability and low cost of traditionally used activated carbons. Here a series of three MOF‐activated carbon composite materials with different MOF to carbon ratios are prepared by growing STAM‐17‐OEt crystals inside the commercially available BPL activated carbon. The composite materials display excellent water stability and increased uptake of ammonia gas when compared to unimpregnated carbon. Such properties make these composites very promising in the fields of air purification and personal protective equipment.     

Simultaneous photoproduction of eta and pi0 mesons on the proton

The analysis of the gammap-->etapi(0)p reaction has been performed using data from the GRAAL experiment. The total and differential cross sections and the beam asymmetry have been obtained from threshold up to 1.5 GeV of beam energy. The two resonances S11(1535) and Delta(1700) are expected to be excited in the intermediate states of this reaction. The results are used to test predictions based on the assumption that both resonances are dynamically generated from the meson-baryon interaction provided by chiral Lagrangians. The term involving the Delta(1700) excitation, followed by the decay into etaDelta(1232), is found to be dominant.     

Simultaneous determination of ten amphetamine designer drugs in human whole blood by capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection

In recent years, a number of new designer drugs have entered the illicit drug market. The methylenedioxyderivatives of amphetamine represent the largest group of designer drugs. This paper describes a method for screening for and simultaneously quantifying 10 2,5-methylenedioxy-derivatives of amphetamine and phenethylamine in human whole blood, using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with diode array detection (DAD). Using an aqueous pH 2.5 phosphate buffer, CE analysis gave peaks with good symmetry and reproducible migration times. Under these experimental conditions, the 10 amphetamines were resolved in 15 min and without interference from biological matrices (blood). Their identification by migration time was confirmed by their UV spectra recorded with a DAD (190-350 nm). The main advantages of the present method lie in its simplicity, clean and reliable extraction from human whole blood and simultaneous detection and quantification by CE-DAD. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analysis of in vivo rat blood samples. The method was validated according to international guidelines.     

Completeness of inner product spaces with respect to splitting subspaces

The set E(S) of all splitting subspaces, i.e., of all subspaces M of an inner product space S for which MM =S holds, is an orthocomplemented orthomodular orthoposet and it has already been shown that the ordering property on E(S) of being a complete lattice characterizes the completeness of inner product spaces. In this work this last result is generalized proving that S is a Hilbert space under the weaker request that E(S) is a -lattice. As a marginal result, we also prove that an inner product space is complete if and only if the complete lattice (S) of all subspaces is orthomodular.     

Expedient Iron‐Catalyzed C−H Allylation/Alkylation by Triazole Assistance with Ample Scope

Triazole assistance set the stage for a unified strategy for the iron‐catalyzed C?H allylation of arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes with ample scope. The versatile catalyst also proved competent for site‐selective methylation, benzylation, and alkylation with challenging primary and secondary halides. Triazole‐assisted C?H activation proceeded chemo‐, site‐, and diastereo‐selectively, and the modular TAM directing group was readily removed in a traceless fashion under exceedingly mild reaction conditions.     

Multidimensional gas chromatographic determination of paraffins, olefins and aromatics in naphthas

In order to cope with the increasing demand for gasoline and the need to reduce environmental impact for sustainable development, refineries have installed refining technology by introducing cracking, reforming, isomerization and alkylation. The standard EN 228: 2004 outlines the specification that gasoline, deriving from the blend of several fractions, must have for use in modem piston engines. Naphtha is one of the products from distilling crude oil that can be used as starting material in the reforming process whose derivatives, which are a fraction of gasoline, depend on the composition of the naphtha. Knowledge of the naphtha composition thus enables to provide the final composition of the products of reforming, the efficiency of the plant and also provides information about the crude oil used. In this paper some naphtha samples were analysed by multidimensional gas chromatography. This technique allows in a single analysis a good separation of the hydrocarbon types and within each hydrocarbon type a good carbon number separation.     

A model of Piron's preparation-question structures in Ludwig's selection structures

We give a model of the basic Jauch-Piron (JP) approach to quantum physics, i.e., of preparation-question structure (with four basic axioms and without axioms C, P, A), in terms of Ludwig's selection structure; in the latter structure the primitive notion of individual sample of a physical entity is formally described (without making reference to any probability concept). Once we interpret Piron's concept of question in Ludwig's context of a selection structure, we find that there is no difficulty in formalizing notions such as performable together questions; moreover, results such as = or ()= can be formally proved. We develop the theory along the lines of the JP approach; the set of JP propositions is derived and it turns out to be a complete lattice, as happens in Piron's theory, but with a different physical interpretation of the lattice operations. Finally, we study some connections between the standard Ludwig foundation and our approach.     

Measurement of the2H(d, γ)4He reaction at intermediate excitation energies

The²H(d, )⁴He differential cross section was measured at deuteron laboratory energies of 20, 24, and 28 MeV between _cm=45° and _cm=135°. AtE _d =28 MeV a complete angular distribution was determined and fitted with Legendre polynomials. The ratioR=d/d (_cm=90°)/d/d (_cm=135°) was measured for each deuteron energy.