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151.
Two commercial powdered organoclays, Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 30B, as long-chain organoclays, and two organically modified clays with tetramethylammonium chloride (TMA-clay), as short-chain organoclays were used in this study to investigate their potentials for crude oil removal from salty waters. Batch experiments were performed to examine the effect of contact time and pH on the adsorption process. The results showed that the equilibrium time was reached within 25–30 and 50–55 minutes of contact time for long and short-chain organoclays, respectively. In addition, adsorption isotherms were obtained at an optimum pH value of 11.73 and temperature of 19°C for which initial oil contents varied in the range of 100 to 2000 ppm. Experimental results indicated that the sorption of oil onto Cloisite 15A, Cloisite 30B and the organically modified clays can be described by Freundlich isotherm and oil sorption followed the order of modified Cloisite Na > Cloisite 30B > Cloisite 15A > a modified local clay. 相似文献
152.
Behrooz Alirezapour Amir Reza Jalilian Mohammad Javad Rasaee Saeed Rajabifar Kamal Yavari Mohsen Kamalidehghan Fatemeh Bolourinovin Gholamreza Aslani 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2013,295(2):1261-1271
Breast cancer radioimmunoscintigraphy targeting HER2/neu expression is a growing field of work in nuclear medicine research. Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to HER2/neu, which is over expressed on breast and other tumors. Developing new tracers for the detection of this cancer is of great interest. In this study, trastuzumab was successively labeled with [64Cu]CuCl2 after conjugation with DOTA-NHS-ester. The conjugate was purified by molecular filtration, the average number of DOTA conjugated per mAb was calculated and total concentration was determined by spectrophotometric method. DOTA–trastuzumab was labeled with 64Cu produced by 68Zn(p,αn)64Cu nuclear reaction (30 MeV protons at 180 μA). Radiochemical purity, integrity of protein after radiolabeling and immunoreactivity of radiolabeled mAb trastuzumab with HER2/neu antigen and SkBr3 cell line were performed by RIA. In vitro stability of radiolabeled mAb in human serum was determined by thin layer chromatography. In vitro internalization studies were performed with the SkBr3 cell line and the tissue biodistribution of the 64Cu–DOTA–trastuzumab was evaluated in wild-type rat (90 ± 5.5 μCi, 2, 6, 12, 24 h p.i.). The radioimmunoconjugate was prepared with a radiochemical purity of higher than 96 ± 0.5 % (ITLC) and specific activity as high as 5.3 μCi/μg. The average number of chelators per antibody for the conjugate used in this study was 5.8/1. The sample was showed to have similar patterns of migration in the gel electrophoresis. The 64Cu–DOTA–trastuzumab showed high immunoreactivity towards HER2/neu antigen and SkBr3 cell line. In vitro stability of the labeled product was found to be more than 94 % in PBS and 82 ± 0.5 % in human serum over 48 h. In vitro internalization studies of the 64Cu–DOTA–trastuzumab showed that up to 11.5 % of the radioimmunoconjugate internalized after 10 h. The accumulation of the radiolabeled mAb in liver, skin, intestine, lung, spleen, kidney and other tissues demonstrates a similar pattern to the other radiolabeled anti-HER2 immunoconjugates. 64Cu–DOTA–trastuzumab is a potential compound for molecular imaging of PET for diagnosis and treatment studies and follow-up of HER2 expression in oncology. 相似文献
153.
A graph is traceable if it contains a Hamiltonian path. We present a connected non-traceable cubic bipartite planar graph with 52 vertices and prove that there are no smaller such graphs. 相似文献