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41.
Gerardo G. Naumis A. Bazán M. Torres R. Quintero-Torres 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2008,403(18):3179-3184
One of the few examples in which the physical properties of an incommensurable system reflect an underlying higher dimensionality is presented. Specifically, we show that the reflectivity distribution of an incommensurable one-dimensional cavity is given by the density of states of a tight-binding Hamiltonian in a two-dimensional triangular lattice. Such effect is due to an independent phase decoupling of the scattered waves, produced by the incommensurable nature of the system, which mimics a random noise generator. This principle can be applied to design a cavity that avoids resonant reflections for almost any incident wave. An optical analogy, by using three mirrors with incommensurable distances between them, is also presented. Such array produces a countable infinite fractal set of reflections, a phenomena which is opposite to the effect of optical invisibility. 相似文献
42.
Huanwen Chen Gerardo Gamez Renato Zenobi 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2009,20(11):1947-1963
Ambient mass spectrometry—mass spectrometric analysis with no or minimal effort for sample preparation—has experienced a very
rapid development during the last 5 years, with many different methods now available for ionization. Here, we review its range
of applications, the hurdles encountered for its quantitative use, and the proposed mechanisms for ion formation. Clearly,
more effort needs to be put into investigation of matrix effects, into defining representative sampling of heterogeneous materials,
and into understanding and controlling the underlying ionization mechanisms. Finally, we propose a concept to reduce the number
of different acronyms describing very similar embodiments of ambient mass spectrometry. 相似文献
43.
Joseph Senan O'Brien Matthew J. Allen Gerardo Andrés Cisneros 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2017,117(17)
Lanthanide complexes have found extensive use as luminescent probes for biological and medical investigations. Recently, a di‐europium complex that exhibits pH‐dependent luminescence‐decay was reported, and the ligand in that complex includes a large number of ionizable sites. To better understand the pH‐dependence of luminescence‐decay of this complex, the pK a's of all tautomers of the di‐Lu3+ version of this complex were calculated computationally. The calculated Boltzmann‐averaged pK a's of the complex are 5.85, ?0.21, and ?1.47 for the di‐Lu3+ complex in its first, second, and third protonation states, respectively. These pK a values across protonation states indicate that changes in luminescence‐decay rate at physiologically relevant pH may be related to first protonation event of the complex exclusively. 相似文献
44.
Abbandonato G Catalano D Marini A 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2010,26(22):16762-16770
The aggregation of perfluoroctanoate salts in H(2)O is studied by (19)F NMR on solutions of LiPFO, NaPFO, and CsPFO, without and with the addition of two poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers of molecular weight 1500 and 3400 Da, respectively, and with the addition of suitable crown ethers. The (19)F chemical shift (cs) trends are monitored, at 25 °C, in a concentration range including the critical micellar concentration (cmc) or, in the presence of PEG, the critical aggregation concentration (cac). The cac values in the samples with PEG are lower than the cmc values of the corresponding samples without PEG; moreover, the (19)F cs trends above the cac and above the polymer saturation concentration reveal and help to explain some peculiarities of the aggregation process of PEG on PFO micelles, which, in the first step, seems to occur while the surfactant concentration in water is still increasing. Also in LiPFO/H(2)O or NaPFO/H(2)O solutions containing 12-crown-4 or 15-crown-5 ethers, suitable to complex Li(+) or Na(+) ions, respectively, the cmc decreases. On the other hand, the micellization process in the presence of crown ethers does not show other peculiarities. The prevailing conformations of the PFO chain are discussed on the basis of quantum-mechanical calculations. The theoretical chemical shifts were computed at the DFT level of theory, taking into account the effects of the environment by means of the IEF-PCM method. The helical structure is the most stable one, but anti conformations are easily accessible, in both the aqueous and fluorinated environment. The comparison between computed and experimental chemical shifts indicates that anti conformations are more important in the micelles than in water and in CsPFO micelles than in LiPFO or NaPFO ones. 相似文献
45.
Liang Zhu Zhong Hu Gerardo Gamez Wai Siang Law HuanWen Chen ShuiPing Yang Konstantin Chingin Roman M. Balabin Rui Wang TingTing Zhang Renato Zenobi 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,398(1):405-413
By gently bubbling nitrogen gas through beer, an effervescent beverage, both volatile and non-volatile compounds can be simultaneously sampled in the form of aerosol. This allows for fast (within seconds) fingerprinting by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) in both negative and positive ion mode, without the need for any sample pre-treatment such as degassing and dilution. Trace analytes such as volatile esters (e.g., ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate), free fatty acids (e.g., caproic acid, caprylic acid, and capric acid), semi/non-volatile organic/inorganic acids (e.g., lactic acid), and various amino acids, commonly present in beer at the low parts per million or at sub-ppm levels, were detected and identified based on tandem MS data. Furthermore, the appearance of solvent cluster ions in the mass spectra gives insight into the sampling and ionization mechanisms: aerosol droplets containing semi/non-volatile substances are thought to be generated via bubble bursting at the surface of the liquid; these neutral aerosol droplets then collide with the charged primary electrospray ionization droplets, followed by analyte extraction, desolvation, ionization, and MS detection. With principal component analysis, several beer samples were successfully differentiated. Therefore, the present study successfully extends the applicability of EESI-MS to the direct analysis of complex liquid samples with high gas content. Figure
By gently bubbling nitrogen gas through beer, both volatile and non-volatile compounds can be simultaneously sampled in the form of aerosol for further analysis, allowing fast chemically fingerprinting using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS). 相似文献
46.
Piani M Gharibian S Adesso G Calsamiglia J Horodecki P Winter A 《Physical review letters》2011,106(22):220403
We devise a protocol in which general nonclassical multipartite correlations produce a physically relevant effect, leading to the creation of bipartite entanglement. In particular, we show that the relative entropy of quantumness, which measures all nonclassical correlations among subsystems of a quantum system, is equivalent to and can be operationally interpreted as the minimum distillable entanglement generated between the system and local ancillae in our protocol. We emphasize the key role of state mixedness in maximizing nonclassicality: Mixed entangled states can be arbitrarily more nonclassical than separable and pure entangled states. 相似文献
47.
A total synthesis of natural bisabolane sesquiterpenes curcuphenol ( 1 ) and xanthorrhizol ( 2 ) was developed by using the substituted acetophenones 4 and 5 , respectively, as starting materials. The acetyl group of the latter was activated through ethoxycarbonylation to carry out the prenylation, which was performed successfully to give their respective precursors 11a and 11b , and 21 that were converted into the corresponding natural sesquiterpenes 1 and 2 , respectively, over four steps and in high overall yields. 相似文献
48.
Alejandro De Falco Mirta L. Fascio Melisa E. Lamanna Maria A. Corcuera Iaki Mondragon Gerardo H. Rubiolo Norma B. DAccorso Silvia Goyanes 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2009,404(18):2780-2783
In this work we studied the functionalization of commercially available multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (Nanocyl 3100) with polystyrene by the method so called “grafting from”. The nanotubes were used as received and oxidized in air at 400 °C. The functionalization was started using thionyl chloride under reflux, followed by a reaction with ethylene glycol which allowed the inclusion of hydroxyl groups. The reaction of those with 2-chloropropionyl chloride led to the generation of the polymerization initiator. Last, the radical polymerization of the functionalized nanotubes, using styrene as the monomer, led to new materials which were studied with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. 相似文献
49.
Dr. Kyriaki Manoli Dr. Maria Magliulo Dr. Mohammad Yusuf Mulla M. Sc. Mandeep Singh Prof. Luigia Sabbatini Prof. Gerardo Palazzo Prof. Luisa Torsi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(43):12562-12576
Thin‐film transistors can be used as high‐performance bioelectronic devices to accomplish tasks such as sensing or controlling the release of biological species as well as transducing the electrical activity of cells or even organs, such as the brain. Organic, graphene, or zinc oxide are used as convenient printable semiconducting layers and can lead to high‐performance low‐cost bioelectronic sensing devices that are potentially very useful for point‐of‐care applications. Among others, electrolyte‐gated transistors are of interest as they can be operated as capacitance‐modulated devices, because of the high capacitance of their charge double layers. Specifically, it is the capacitance of the biolayer, being lowest in a series of capacitors, which controls the output current of the device. Such an occurrence allows for extremely high sensitivity towards very weak interactions. All the aspects governing these processes are reviewed here. 相似文献
50.