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81.
82.
Stability of a Model of Relativistic Quantum Electrodynamics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The relativistic “no pair” model of quantum electrodynamics uses the Dirac operator, D(A) for the electron dynamics together with the usual self-energy of the quantized ultraviolet cutoff electromagnetic field
A– in the Coulomb gauge. There are no positrons because the electron wave functions are constrained to lie in the positive
spectral subspace of some Dirac operator, D, but the model is defined for any number, N, of electrons, and hence describes a true many-body system. In addition to the electrons there are a number, K, of fixed nuclei with charges ≤Z. If the fields are not quantized but are classical, it was shown earlier that such a model is always unstable (the ground
state energy E=−∞) if one uses the customary D(0) to define the electron space, but is stable (E > − const.(N+K)) if one uses D(A) itself (provided the fine structure constant α and Z are not too large). This result is extended to quantized fields here, and stability is proved for α= 1/137 and Z≤ 42. This formulation of QED is somewhat unusual because it means that the electron Hilbert space is inextricably linked
to the photon Fock space. But such a linkage appears to better describe the real world of photons and electrons.
Received: 8 September 2001 / Accepted: 18 March 2002 相似文献
83.
A numerical procedure, with an exact strain-displacement relationship of twisted and curved cylindrical panels having variable thickness derived by considering the Green strain tensor on general shell theory, is presented using the principle of virtual work and the Rayleigh-Ritz method with algebraic polynomials as in-plane and transverse displacement functions. The accuracy and applicability of the procedure are verified by comparing the present results with previous experimental and theoretical results for several panels. The effects of variation ratio of thickness in chordwise and lengthwise directions, twist, and curvature both in two directions aforementioned on vibrations of cylindrical panels are studied in detail, and typical vibration mode shapes are plotted to demonstrate the effects. 相似文献
84.
The Wheeler–DeWitt equation of arbitrary Hartle–Hawking factor ordering for several minisuperspace universe models, such as the pure gravity Friedmann–Robertson–Walker and Taub ones, is mapped onto the dynamics of corresponding classical oscillators. The latter ones are studied by the classical Ermakov invariant method, which is a natural approach in this context. For the more realistic case of a minimally coupled massive scalar field, one can study, within the same type of approach, the corresponding squeezing features as a possible means of describing cosmological evolution. Finally, we comment on the analogy with the accelerator physics. 相似文献
85.
A.-S. F. Obada M. Darwish H. H. Salah 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2002,41(9):1755-1768
In this paper a new state called odd-excited binomial state (OEBS) is introduced. It interpolates between the odd number state and the odd-excited coherent state. We discuss some statistical properties, such as the Glauber second-order correlation function and squeezing phenomenon (normal and amplitude-squared squeezing) for this state. The quasiprobability distribution functions (Husimi Q-function and Wigner W-function) are also examined. 相似文献
86.
In this paper, we consider linear combinations of modified Baskakov operators. By use of several lemmas, we obtain the inverse
theorem (Theorem 1.1) and the saturation (Theorem 1.2) for those linear combinations. 相似文献
87.
88.
5‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐6‐substitutedfuro[2,3‐d]pyrimidines ( 2a‐c ) were reacted with 2,5‐dimethoxytetrahydrfuran to afford the pyrrolyl derivatives 3a‐c . Compound 3a was chosen as intermediate for the synthesis of poly fused heterocycles incorporated furopyrimidines moiety 4–11 . Some of the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. 相似文献
89.
The consequences of Ge deposition on Br-terminated Si(1 0 0) were studied with scanning tunneling microscopy at ambient temperature after annealing at 650 K. One monolayer of Br was sufficient to prevent the formation of Ge huts beyond the critical thickness of 3 ML. This is possible because Br acts as a surfactant whose presence lowered the diffusivity of Ge adatoms. Hindered mobility was manifest at low coverage through the formation of short Ge chains. Further deposition resulted in the extension and connection of the Ge chains and gave rise to the buildup of incomplete layers. The deposition of 7 ML of Ge resulted in a rough surface characterized by irregularly shaped clusters. A short 800 K anneal desorbed the Br and allowed Ge atoms to reorganize into the more energetically favorable “hut” structures produced by conventional Ge overlayer growth on Si(1 0 0). 相似文献
90.
M. A. H. Dempster 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2006,133(4):1422-1444
This paper gives a comprehensive treatment of EVPI-based sequential importance sampling algorithms for dynamic (multistage)
stochastic programming problems. Both theory and computational algorithms are discussed. Under general assumptions it is shown
that both an expected value of perfect information (EVPI) process and the corresponding marginal EVPI process (the supremum
norm of the conditional expectation of its generalized derivative) are nonanticipative nonnegative supermartingales. These
processes are used as importance criteria in the class of sampling algorithms treated in the paper. When their values are
negligible at a node of the current sample problem scenario tree, scenarios descending from the node are replaced by a single
scenario at the next iteration. On the other hand, high values lead to increasing the number of scenarios descending from
the node. Both the small sample and asymptotic properties of the sample problem estimates arising from the algorithms are
established, and the former are evaluated numerically in the context of a financial planning problem. Finally, current and
future research is described. Bibliography: 49 titles.
__________
Published in Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 312, 2004, pp. 94–129. 相似文献