Easy Access to α-Bromoketones and Epoxides from vic-Dibromides Under Aqueous Conditions

The conversion of vic-1,2 dibromides to α-bromoketones and epoxides using H₂O₂/dioxane and NaOH/water respectively under mild conditions has been described.     

Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Synthesis of Aryl Glycosides[ 1 ]

Aryl glycosides have been prepared from a range of readily available glycosyl halides by a solvent-free mechanochemical procedure employing a planetary ball mill in excellent yields. Besides being a solvent-free reaction, the procedure has been successful in eliminating the need for employing any phase-transfer catalyst in the reaction.     

Box–Behnken Design-Based Development and Validation of a Reverse-Phase HPLC Analytical Method for the Estimation of Paclitaxel in Cationic Liposomes

Chromatographia - Stability-indicating reverse-phase HPLC analytical method for the quantification of Paclitaxel (PTX) in the bulk and cationic liposomes was developed. The optimized method was...     

Thermodynamic parameters of dilute solutions of a polymer in benzene at varying temperatures and concentrations

Dilatometric studies of solutions of four different mole fractions of poly(ethylene glycol) of average molecular mass 400 g mol^?1 dissolved in benzene have been performed to estimate molar volumes (V) and volume expansion coefficients (α) at different temperatures. From these, thermodynamic parameters appropriate to these solutions have been evaluated at different temperatures ranging from 299 to 328 K. These parameters have been employed to collect and discuss the information on molecular structure, molecular order, molecular packing, polymer segment extension, and molecular interactions.     

Optimization of the Production of Thermostable endo-β-1,4 Mannanases from a Newly Isolated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus niger gr</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus flavus gr</Emphasis>

The aim of this work was to establish optimal conditions for the maximum production of endo-β-1,4 mannanases using cheaper sources. Eight thermotolerant fungal strains were isolated from garden soil and compost samples collected in and around the Gulbarga University campus, India. Two strains were selected based on their ability to produce considerable endo-β-1,4 mannanases activity while growing in liquid medium at 37 °C with locust bean gum (LBG) as the only carbon source. They were identified as Aspergillus niger gr and Aspergillus flavus gr. The experiment to evaluate the effect of different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperatures and initial pH of the medium on maximal enzyme production was studied. Enzyme productivity was influenced by the type of polysaccharide used as the carbon source. Copra meal defatted with n-hexane showed to be a better substrate than LBG and guar gum for endo-β-1,4 mannanases production by A. niger gr (40.011 U/ml), but for A. flavus gr (33.532 U/ml), the difference was not significant. Endo-β-1,4 mannanases produced from A. niger gr and A. flavus gr have high optimum temperature (65 and 60 °C) and good thermostability in the absence of any stabilizers (maintaining 50% of residual activity for 8 and 6 h, respectively, at 60 °C) and are stable over in a wide pH range. These new strains offer an attractive alternative source of enzymes for the food and feed processing industries.     

Effect of Cationic Lipid Nanoparticle Loaded siRNA with Stearylamine against Chikungunya Virus

Chikungunya is an infectious disease caused by mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV). It was reported that NS1 and E2 siRNAs administration demonstrated CHIKV inhibition in in vitro as well as in vivo systems. Cationic lipids are promising for designing safe non-viral vectors and are beneficial in treating chikungunya. In this study, nanodelivery systems (hybrid polymeric/solid lipid nanoparticles) using cationic lipids (stearylamine, C9 lipid, and dioctadecylamine) and polymers (branched PEI-g-PEG -PEG) were prepared, characterized, and complexed with siRNA. The four developed delivery systems (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were assessed for stability and potential toxicities against CHIKV. In comparison to the other nanodelivery systems, F4 containing stearylamine (Octadecylamine; ODA), with an induced optimum cationic charge of 45.7 mV in the range of 152.1 nm, allowed maximum siRNA complexation, better stability, and higher transfection, with strong inhibition against the E2 and NS1 genes of CHIKV. The study concludes that cationic lipid-like ODA with ease of synthesis and characterization showed maximum complexation by structural condensation of siRNA owing to high transfection alone. Synergistic inhibition of CHIKV along with siRNA was demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, ODA-based cationic lipid nanoparticles can be explored as safe, potent, and efficient nonviral vectors overcoming siRNA in vivo complexities against chikungunya.     

Experimental study of heat transfer characteristics in oscillating fluid flow in tube

In the present work, an experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement parameters of the oscillating flow heat exchanger under different frequencies, tidal displacement, and heat fluxes is carried out. The effect of different parameters on experimental effective thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer coefficient in cooling region is studied using correlations given by different researchers. A correlation for experimental effective thermal conductivity in terms of S²√ω is derived based on experimental data. This correlation is useful for predicting the optimum value of S²√ω before onset of turbulence.     

XRD and bulk magnetic studies on Ni-Cd and Ti doped Ni-Cd ferrites

For the ferrites Ni _x Cd_1–x Fe₂O₄ (x=0.3, 0.4,1) the lattice parameter, grain size, electrical resistivity, initial permeability, Curie temperature and squareness of the magnetization curve were measured. The results are discussed in terms of the model of the canted spin structure taking into account the domain structure of the polycrystalline ferrite.     

Permion spectrum in a confined SU(n) quark model

An explicit form of a colour-singlet Fermion field is constructed from the operator solution of SU(n) Thirring model where the quark-fields are known to be confined in LSZ sense. In simple cases of massless quarks these ferions are free with zero mass and can be expressed as the antisymmetric composites of constituent quark fields. This simple exercise suggests an alternative to conventional two-dimensional QCD which seems to confine all Fermion including baryons by Schwinger mechanism.