Study on the Correlation between the Protein Profile of Lupin Milk and Its Cheese Production Compared with Cow’s Milk

Australian sweet lupin, the largest legume crop grown in Western Australia, is receiving global attention from the producers of new foods. To understand the effect of protein on cheese yield, lupin milk proteins were separated from the first, second, and third filtrations by cheesecloths. However, proteins from the first and second were analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; then, the isolated proteins associated with cheese production were identified. The research also focused on identifying the optimal method of cheese production based on the coagulation process, temperature, yield, and sensory evaluation. Lupin curds from the two cultivars, Mandelup and PBA Jurien, were produced using vinegar, lemon juice, starter culture, vegetable rennet enzyme as coagulant, as well as curd generated using starter culture and vegetable rennet enzyme. Cow’s milk was used as a control. The results indicated that first-time filtration produced better extraction and higher yield of lupin proteins and cheese than the second filtration. A sensory analysis indicated that lupin cheese produced from PBA Jurien lupin milk using vinegar, 7.80% expressed as acetic acid, and ground in 45 °C water, was the most acceptable. The cheeses were examined for their protein, carbohydrates, fat, ash, and moisture contents. The concentration of protein was approximately 27.3% and 20.6%, respectively, in the cheese from PBA Jurien and Mandelup. These results suggest that lupin milk can adequately supply the proteins needed in human diets and, thus, could be used in the production of many existing products that require animal milk as an input.     

One-pot three-component azide-alkyne cycloaddition: Synthesis of new pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole,and oxadiazole tethered and their anti-inflammatory,quantitative structure-activity relationship,and docking studies

A simple and efficient one-pot three-component azide-alkyne cycloaddition of 5-chloro-1-phenyl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde with 2-(prop-2-yn-1-ylthio)-5-(substituted phenoxy)methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole and sodium azide is reported. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and analytical data. They were screened for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by bovine serum albumin denaturation assay. All the tested compounds showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity, whereas three compounds ( 4d , 4i , and 4k ) showed excellent activity comparable with that of the standard drug diclofenac sodium. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was carried out for anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds and developed a QSAR model. Inspired by their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities, they were docked to the active site of COX-2 to know the anti-inflammatory potency in silico.     

On exponential stability of second order delay differential equations

We propose a new method for studying stability of second order delay differential equations. Results we obtained are of the form: the exponential stability of ordinary differential equation implies the exponential stability of the corresponding delay differential equation if the delays are small enough. We estimate this smallness through the coefficients of this delay equation. Examples demonstrate that our tests of the exponential stability are essentially better than the known ones. This method works not only for autonomous equations but also for equations with variable coefficients and delays.     

In Vitro Propagation,Encapsulation, and Genetic Fidelity Analysis of Terminalia arjuna: a Cardioprotective Medicinal Tree

The present study described an improved and reproducible in vitro regeneration system for Terminalia arjuna using nodal segment explants obtained from a mature plant. Shoot tips excised from in vitro proliferated shoots were encapsulated in 3 % sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl₂?2H₂O for the development of synthetic seeds which may be applicable in short-term storage and germplasm exchange of elite genotype. Shoot multiplication was significantly influenced by a number of factors, namely types and concentrations of plant growth regulators, medium composition, repeated transfer of mother explants, subculturing of in vitro regenerated shoot clumps, agar concentrations, and temperature. Maximum numbers of shoots (16.50?±?3.67) were observed on modified Murashige and Skoog (MMS) medium containing 0.5 mg l^?1 of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg l^?1 of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). To shortening the regeneration pathway, rooting of micropropagated shoots under in vitro condition was excluded and an experiment on ex vitro rooting was conducted and it was observed that the highest percentage of shoots rooted ex vitro when treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 250 mg l^?1)?+?2-naphthoxy acetic acid (NOA, 250 mg l^?1) for 5 min. The well-developed ex vitro rooted shoots were acclimatized successfully in soilrite under greenhouse conditions with 80 % survival of plants. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis confirmed that all the regenerated plants were genetically identical to the mother plant, suggesting the absence of detectable genetic variation in the regenerated plantlets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on synthetic seed production as well as ex vitro rooting and genetic fidelity assessment of micropropagated shoots of T. arjuna.     

Development of 99Mo-alfa-benzoin oxime complex as industrial radiotracer for identification of leaky heat exchanger and its validation with 99mTc

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - In the traditional medicine of Iran, some herbal medicines are used for treating of high blood sugar. In this study, the concentration of Ca, Cr,...     

Bucillamine Inhibits UVB-Induced MAPK Activation and Apoptosis in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes and SKH-1 Hairless Mouse Skin

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is known as a culprit in skin carcinogenesis. We have previously reported that bucillamine (N-[2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-cysteine), a cysteine derivative with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, protects against UVB-induced p53 activation and inflammatory responses in mouse skin. Since MAPK signaling pathways regulate p53 expression and activation, here we determined bucillamine effect on UVB-mediated MAPK activation in vitro using human skin keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and in vivo using SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. A single low dose of UVB (30 mJ cm⁻²) resulted in increased JNK/MAPK phosphorylation and caspase-3 cleavage in HaCaT cells. However, JNK activation and casaspe-3 cleavage were inhibited by pretreatment of HaCaT cells with physiological doses of bucillamine (25 and 100 µm ). Consistent with these results, bucillamine pretreatment in mice (20 mg kg⁻¹) inhibited JNK/MAPK and ERK/MAPK activation in skin epidermal cells at 6–12 and 24 h, respectively, after UVB exposure. Moreover, bucillamine attenuated UVB-induced Ki-67-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in mouse skin. These findings demonstrate that bucillamine inhibits UVB-induced MAPK signaling, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Together with our previous report, we provide evidence that bucillamine has a photoprotective effect against UV exposure.     

Recent development in the synthesis of pyrrolin-4-ones/pyrrolin-3-ones

Pyrrolin-4-ones/pyrrolin-3-ones and its derivatives are important heterocyclic systems which are observed in vast variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and biologically important compounds. Different researchers all across the world have developed different synthetic methodologies for the construction of functionalized pyrrolin-4-ones/pyrrolin-3-one scaffolds such as the transition-metal catalyzed/mediated cycloisomerizations of 1-aminoynones and dimerization of enaminones or α-diazo-β-oxoamides etc. The present review article summarizes various reports on the synthesis of various simple and functionalized pyrrolin-4-ones/pyrrolin-3-ones from 2000 onward.     

Resilient and agile engineering solutions to address societal challenges such as coronavirus pandemic

The world is witnessing tumultuous times as major economic powers including the US, UK, Russia, India, and most of Europe continue to be in a state of lockdown. The worst-hit sectors due to this lockdown are sales, production (manufacturing), transport (aerospace and automotive) and tourism. Lockdowns became necessary as a preventive measure to avoid the spread of the contagious and infectious “Coronavirus Disease 2019” (COVID-19). This newly identified disease is caused by a new strain of the virus being referred to as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV). We review the current medical and manufacturing response to COVID-19, including advances in instrumentation, sensing, use of lasers, fumigation chambers and development of novel tools such as lab-on-the-chip using combinatorial additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques and use of molecular modelling and molecular docking in drug and vaccine discovery. We also offer perspectives on future considerations on climate change, outsourced versus indigenous manufacturing, automation, and antimicrobial resistance. Overall, this paper attempts to identify key areas where manufacturing can be employed to address societal challenges such as COVID-19.     

Phosphonate‐Modified UiO‐66 Brønsted Acid Catalyst and Its Use in Dehydra‐Decyclization of 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran to Pentadienes

Phosphorus‐modified all‐silica zeolites exhibit activity and selectivity in certain Brønsted acid catalyzed reactions for biomass conversion. In an effort to achieve similar performance with catalysts having well‐defined sites, we report the incorporation of Brønsted acidity to metal–organic frameworks with the UiO‐66 topology, achieved by attaching phosphonic acid to the 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate ligand and using it to form UiO‐66‐PO₃H₂ by post‐synthesis modification. Characterization reveals that UiO‐66‐PO₃H₂ retains stability similar to UiO‐66, and exhibits weak Brønsted acidity, as demonstrated by titrations, alcohol dehydration, and dehydra‐decyclization of 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MTHF). For the later reaction, the reported catalyst exhibits site‐time yields and selectivity approaching that of phosphoric acid on all‐silica zeolites. Using solid‐state NMR and deprotonation energy calculations, the chemical environments of P and the corresponding acidities are determined.     

Microtopographical Characterization of Vapour-grown SnS2 Single Crystals

Thin flakes of tin disulphide single crystals grown using direct vapour transport have been subjected to characterization to unfold their growth mechanism. Two types of spirals. viz. those having opposite orientation present on the same face and those present on the opposite finished faces are significantly discussed.