非线性电容RLC串联电路的主共振研究

研究非线性电容RLC串联电路,应用多尺度法,得到非线性振动系统主共振的一次近似解并进行数值计算,分析电阻、电感、电容和电动势对主共振幅频响应的影响.结果表明:RLC串联电路的主共振响应有跳跃和滞后现象;随着电动势的增加,主共振的振幅和共振区增大;随着电阻的增大,主共振的振幅和共振区减小.     

用化学镀法制备 Pd/Ag 膜时膜厚和组成的控制

 研究了不同 Pd2+含量的镀液在多孔陶瓷载体上的化学沉积规律, 发现当 Pd 沉积层厚度达到约 5 μm 后, 即使镀液中反应物的消耗比例很小, 膜厚增长也明显变缓, 沉积反应主要受膜层表面的催化活性位控制; 当镀液中 Pd2+含量只能沉积形成小于 4 μm 的 Pd 膜时, 在 323 K 化学镀 180 min 后, 镀液中 Pd2+的转化率高于 90%. 与之相似, 当 Ag 镀液中的 Ag+含量等于 0.5~2 μm 的 Ag 膜层所需量时, 在 333 K 化学镀 120 min 后, Ag+的转化率可达 95%. Ag+的高转化率与 Ag 颗粒的择向生长特性有关. 根据 Pd 和 Ag 的化学镀沉积规律, 通过调节镀液中金属离子的含量能够预先设计和精确控制超薄 Pd/Ag 膜的膜厚和组成.     

棒球棒上的“甜点”

<正>棒球是一项世界性的体育项目,其高度的观赏性和竞技性令世人为之倾倒。同时棒球运动中还有一种有趣的现象——"甜点"效应。棒球击球手们     

高真空多层绝热低温容器真空丧失的实验研究

突然的、完全的真空丧失是一种可能发生在高真空多层绝热容器上的严重事故。为了保证高真空多层绝热容器的安全使用,真空丧失后的漏热量是进行高真空多层容器设计的一个重要参数。利用一个工业化高真空多层绝热低温量热器,以液氮为介质研究了其真空丧失前以及内筒壁及外筒壁泄露后的传热。结果表明,真空丧失后排放率及漏热量都会急剧增加,但是多层绝热材料仍然起到了一定的保温作用。由于空气中的部分气体在绝热层内部的凝结,导致低温容器外壁泄露后的漏热量远高于内壁泄露后的漏热量。     

Flame retardant and mechanism of vinyl ester resin modified by octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Flamability is one of the major issues for utilization of bisphenol A–type vinyl ester resin (VER) polymeric composites in practical applications. The thermal stability and mechanical property of VER composites containing octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OPS) were investigated and discussed in detail. With increasing the mass ratio of OPS, the residues yield at 800°C and bending strength at break of the VER/OPS composites were enhanced, accompanied with the gradually decreased values of the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release due to the formation of dense carbon/silica protective layers that acted as a barrier to heat and mass transfer. In addition, the flame‐retardant mechanisms of condensed phase and gas phase were analyzed by XPS, TGA‐FTIR, and GC‐MS. The results showed that when OPS was incorporated to the resin matrix, the characteristic peaks intensity of the gaseous products was reduced obviously due to some of the characteristic groups still retained in condensed phase. Therefore, the significance of this work is providing an optional method to fabricate flame‐retarding VER composites with excellent mechanical properties.     

Pseudo almost automorphic solution to stochastic differential equation driven by Lévy process

Almost automorphic is a particular case of the recurrent motion, which has been studied in differential equations for a long time. We introduce square-mean pseudo almost automorphic and some of its properties, and then study the pseudo almost automorphic solution in the distribution sense to stochastic differential equation driven by Lévy process.     

Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Premixed Swirling Flames Using Dynamic Thickened Flame with Tabulated Detailed Chemistry

A sub-grid scale (SGS) combustion model by combining dynamic thickened flame (DTF) with flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) tabulation approach (i.e. DTF-FGM) is developed for investigating turbulent premixed combustion. In contrast to the thickened flame model, the dynamic thickening factor of the DTF model is determined from the flame sensor, which is obtained from the normalized gradient of the reaction progress variable from the one-dimensional freely propagating premixed flame simulations. Therewith the DTF model can ensure that the thickening of the flame is limited to the regions where it is numerically necessary. To describe the thermo-chemistry states, large eddy simulation (LES) transport equations for two characteristic scalars (the mixture fraction and the reaction progress variable) and relevant sub-grid variances in the DTF-FGM model are presented. As to the evaluation of different SGS combustion models, another model by utilizing the combination of presumed probability density function (PPDF) and FGM (i.e. PPDF-FGM) is also described. LES of two cases with or without swirl in premixed regime of the Cambridge swirl burner flames are performed to evaluate the developed SGS combustion model. The predicted results are compared with the experimental data in terms of the influence of different LES grids, model sensitivities to the thickening factor, the wrinkling factor, and the PPDF of characteristic scalars, the evaluation of different modelling approaches for the sub-grid variances of characteristic scalars, and the predictive capability of different SGS combustion models. It is shown that the LES results with the DTF-FGM model are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data, and better than the results with the PPDF-FGM approach due to its ability to predict better in regions where flame is not resolved.     

苯甲撑肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯热裂解的机理研究

采用密度泛函理论对苯甲撑肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯的热裂解反应机理进行了研究. 计算结果表明, 烯胺碳上氢的六元环迁移途径比硫酰胺氢的四元环迁移途径更容易发生. 同时, 从机理上解释了苯环上的取代基电子效应对该类化合物裂解的影响, 即吸电子基抑制裂解反应的发生, 而推电子基则产生相反的效果.     

甘肃省舟曲8.7特大泥石流调查研究

本文通过对甘肃省舟曲县城后山三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟特大泥石流灾害的现场调查,从泥石流形成的地形、地质和降雨条件入手,分析了特大泥石流灾害的特征与成因：三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟泥石流形成区在2010年8月7日23～24时的1h降雨量达77.3mm,暴雨形成强大洪水依次冲毁两条沟内的天然堆石坝和人工拦挡坝,形成规模巨大的高容重黏性泥石流,泥石流冲出总量和泥沙总量分别为 144.2×10⁴m³和97.7×10⁴m³; 泥石流携带具有强大冲击力的巨石冲毁房屋5500余间; 在白龙江内形成长约550m,宽约70m,高约10m的堰塞坝并形成堰塞湖,堰塞湖回水长3km,使县城一半被淹; 泥石流造成1744人死亡和失踪。分析研究表明,三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟泥石流如果在近期遭遇强降雨还会暴发泥石流,但规模比87特大泥石流小;如果强降雨发生在数年后,暴发的泥石流规模比87特大泥石流略小;在20a或更长的时期内,没有发生新的地震影响下,在三眼峪沟和罗家峪沟经历一次大规模泥石流暴发后,泥石流的规模将回到汶川地震前的水平。     

结构高度对称化合物试题的解题思路

各级化学竞赛中有不少以结构高度对称的化合物为素材的试题,该类题目不仅可以考查学生空间想象能力,还可以考查如何将化学问题抽象为数学问题,利用数学方法解决化学问题的能力。本文讨论几种结构高度对称化合物的试题的解题思路。1由正八面体引出的对称问题【例1】已知[Co(NH3)