时频方法分析长骨中的超声导波及皮质骨厚度

超声导波在长骨中传播时,接收信号中含有相互叠加的多个导波模式。本文提出将希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)用于分析叠加的多模式导波信号,将其分解成许多单个独立的模式,然后对分解出的模式求得其对应频率下的群速度,并与短时傅里叶变换所得的结果进行比较。通过与理论计算结果比较,可得到长骨皮质骨的厚度。研究结果表明,实验得到的厚度与实际厚度一致。说明通过测量导波模式的速度可以评价皮质骨的厚度,也说明HHT方法是一种识别叠加多模式导波信号的有效方法。     

The Picard Theorem on S-metric spaces

Recently, the notion of an S-metric space is defined and extensively studied as a generalization of a metric space. In this paper, we define the notion of the S∞-space and prove its completeness. We obtain a new generalization of the classical "Picard Theorem".     

Low-energy electron energy-loss spectroscopy with Ge:GaAs (110) heterostructures

Electronic properties and chemical composition of Ge films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (110) surfaces were studied in situ by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The loss peaks involving core-level excitations proved that As atoms segregate at the surface of the growing film. The well known 20 eV loss peak of the clean GaAs (110) surface, being attributed to transitions from Ga(3d) to Frenkel-type excitons of dangling-bond surface states, was found to persist, slightly shifted to 19.7 eV, with the growing Ge (110) film. Since the Ga coverage amounts to below approximately 0.05 of a monolayer this transition seems to contain a strong intraatom contribution.     

吡咯亚胺配体与过渡金属的反应性及其催化烯烃聚合

在经典的Brookhart吡啶双亚胺后过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂基础上,用吡咯五元环代替吡啶六元环骨架可得到具有不同电子效应的新型吡咯亚胺配体.通过吡咯环特殊的电子效应和位阻效应可设计出种类繁多的有别于吡啶亚胺配体的配合物.综述了吡咯亚胺配体与前过渡金属(Ti,Zr等)、后过渡金属(Fe,Co,Ni,Pd等)、稀土金属(Y...     

超声导波评价长骨骨折的仿体实验研究

定量超声评价长骨骨折已成为近年来的研究热点之一,超声导波模式转换理论可被应用于长骨骨折状况的评价。采用三维时域有限差分法分析骨折长骨中导波模式转换的基本规律,提取模式转换定量评价参数;进而结合亚克力管仿体实验,分析不同裂纹程度下导波模式的转换情况。仿真与仿体实验表明,导波模式能量参数与裂纹程度具有很好的相关性,可用于评价长骨骨折状况。     

Definition and updating of simplified models of joint stiffness

The objective of this work is to define a simple linear model of joints used in aeronautics and to update this model efficiently.Industrial designers usually resort to semi-empirical linear joint models to represent the behavior of the joints of a large aeronautical structure. Here, we propose to develop a one-dimensional linear joint model which is capable of representing the behavior of every joint of a large structure globally while enabling local nonlinear reanalysis of the most highly loaded joints. Work on nonlinear reanalysis is not considered in this paper.In order to solve the numerical difficulties encountered in some of modeling situations, an updating strategy based on the constitutive relation error is proposed. Since the updating efficiency is significantly affected by the ratios of the stiffnesses of the different parts of the model, the strategy consists in rigidifying some parts of the model in order to control the updating accuracy and the rate of convergence. The numerical results of a standard model and a rigidified model illustrate the updating improvements allowed by the strategy.     

Detection of long bones based on Barker code excited ultrasonic guided waves

Single pulse excited ultrasonic guided wave surfers high attenuation during the propagation in long bones.This results in small amplitude and low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of measured signals.Thus,the Barker code excitation is introduced into long bone detection to improve the quality of received signals,due to its efficiency in increasing amplitude and SNR.Both simulation and in vitro experiment were performed,and the results were decoded by the weighted match filter(WMF) and the finite impulse response- least squares inverse filter(FIRLSIF),respectively.The comparison between the results of Barker code excitation and sine pulse excitation was presented.For 13-bit Barker code excitation,WMF produced 13 times larger amplitude than sine pulse excitation,while FIR-LSIF achieved higher peak-sidelobe-level(PSL) of —63.59 dB and better performance in noise suppression.The results show that the Barker code excited guided waves have the potential to be applied to the long bone detection.     

Study on the mean trabecular bone spacing based on fundamental frequency estimation method

Ultrasonic backscatter signals from the cancellous bone can be used to diagnose osteoporosis effectively due to its ability to provide the information of bone microstructure. Mean trabecular bone spacing(MTBS)is one of the important parameters for characterization of bone microstructure.This paper proposed a MTBS estimating method based on the fundamental frequency estimation,which was applied to backscatter signals from simulations, and in vitro bovine trabeculae.The estimated MTBS were compared with those of simplified inverse filter tracking(SIFT)algorithm and autoregressive(AR)cepstrum method.The results demonstrated that the proposed method is very robust for the MTBS estimation with more precise estimates and smaller estimated variance in the presence of a small signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),and a large scattering strength ratio of diffuse scatterers to regular ones.     

基于离散随机介质平均散射声功率的无损测温方法

生物组织中超声散射回波的平均功率与其温度有关.该理论包含:(1)生物组织近似为离散随机介质.(2)离散随机介质的平均散射功率与组织的衰减系数α和声速c有关。对于似水生物组织(如:猪肝),当温度升高时,衰减系数的减小使平均散射声功率增加,但其影响大小与时间窗△t有关,而声速的增大则使平均散射声功率减小。实验结果表明:生物组织的平均散射声功率随温度变化趋势明显,该结果提供一种肿瘤热疗无损伤检测温度的新方法。     

长骨裂纹宽度和角度对低阶超声导波的影响

超声导波检测长骨骨折和监测骨折愈合已成为一种极具前景的课题,但高频厚积下导波多模式混叠带来的模式识别和分离问题一直是一个难点。为避免上述问题,在低频下仅激励两个低阶兰姆波SO和AO模式,采用二维时域有限差分(2DFDTD)法定量分析裂纹宽度和骨折角度对SO和AO幅度的影响。结果表明,SO与AO模式的幅度均随裂纹宽度的增加而下降;AO的幅度随骨折角度增大而上升,SO幅度随骨折角度增大先下降后上升,转折点约为45°。SO与AO的幅度比值在不同骨折角度下均能较好地表征裂纹宽度的变化,可为横断型和斜切型长骨骨折状况的超声评价及骨折愈合监测提供依据。