静电纺丝法制备硫酸化的二氧化锆/二氧化硅复合纤维

将电纺丝技术与溶胶-凝胶技术相结合, 制备了SZ粒子分布于SiO2纤维外壁的硫酸化的二氧化锆/二氧化硅复合纤维. 与常见的SZ复合催化剂相比, 采用SiO2纤维负载SZ不仅可以解决粉体材料带来的难以与反应体系分离等弊病, 同时功能粒子SZ分布与纤维外壁的结构也提高了功能粒子的利用率.     

单分散亲水两性离子交换树脂的制备及其在生物大分子分离中的应用

采用分散聚合与溶胀聚合相结合的方法及高分子溶液致孔技术, 成功地制备了粒径为5.0 μm大孔和超大孔结构的单分散亲水性交联聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯树脂, 并进行了结构表征. 将该树脂经胺化后再与1,3-丙磺酸内酯反应, 得到一种新型的两性离子交换(强阳-强阴型)高效液相色谱填料. 研究了该填料对标准蛋白分离性能及流动相中有机溶剂、 流速和pH值对蛋白保留的影响. 实验结果表明, 在流速为3 mL/min时, 采用线性梯度洗脱, 在4.0 min内可同时快速基线分离3种酸性和2种碱性蛋白.     

Long-term follow-up analysis of zolpidem in fingernails after a single oral dose

The determination of xenobiotics in keratinized matrices, such as nails and hair, has received considerable attention because of the relatively long detection window for compounds. The distribution of xenobiotics in fingernails, unlike hair, was equivocal. The main aim of this study was to use follow-up surveys to measure zolpidem profiles in nails after subjects consumed a single dose of the drug. In addition, the zolpidem concentrations in nails were compared with data for different biosamples, such as hair and blood from previous work. With these preconditions, a high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of zolpidem in nails. Nails underwent alkaline hydrolysis and were extracted with diethyl ether. A Capcell Pak C18 MGII column was used to separate the target compound, and an API 4000 Qtrap mass spectrometer was used as a detector. The results for nail samples from seven subjects who had taken a single 10 mg zolpidem dose were significant: two relatively high zolpidem concentrations were observed in the long-term follow-up analysis of nails. The zolpidem concentration was less than 1.74 pg/mg and less than 3.29 pg/mg in fingernails and toenails, respectively. The subsequent peak concentration of zolpidem was observed between 10 and 15 weeks after each subject took a single dose of the drug. This result suggested that the germinal matrix area was a primary in vivo pathway for zolpidem secretion into the nail. The analysis of biosamples, such as nails, may be a useful adjunct to conventional methods of drug testing and hair analysis. Further research is needed concerning the contamination risk in analysis of nail biosamples.     

5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因及其S-取代衍生物的绿色合成

以苯偶酰和硫脲为起始原料,在氢氧化钠水溶液中,合成了5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因;再以5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因为起始原料,与氯乙酸钠反应,在水相中合成了S-羧甲基-5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因,考察了硫脲、氢氧化钠和水用量对合成5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因产率的影响。考察了5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因用量对合成S-羧甲基-5,5-二苯基-2-硫代海因产率的影响。确定了较佳工艺路线。产品结构经IR、1H NMR、13C NMR及质谱进行了表征。     

SiO2/Co3O4核壳催化剂对AP热分解的催化性能研究

采用改良的Stöber法制备粒径约为200 nm的单分散球形SiO₂颗粒,以此为内核,分别通过液相沉淀法和尿素均匀沉淀法制备包覆形式不同的新型SiO₂/Co₃O₄核壳式纳米催化剂。采用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱分析(IR)、拉曼光谱分析(Raman)、BET比表面积测试等手段对产物进行表征,利用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)考察SiO₂/Co₃O₄复合物对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解反应的催化作用,探讨不同包覆形式对其催化活性的影响。结果表明,两种方法制备得到的SiO₂/Co₃O₄复合物分别为层包覆和粒子包覆,比表面积大,具有明显的核壳结构,且粒子包覆形式的SiO₂/Co₃O₄对AP热分解反应的催化效果最好,使AP的高温分解温度降低了110 ℃,放热量增加了662 J·g^-1。     

加速溶剂萃取–液相色谱法测定五灵脂药材中原儿茶酸的含量

建立了五灵脂中原儿茶酸含量的测定方法。利用加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE),以75%乙醇水溶液提取样品中的待测物,用Diamosil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm)色谱柱在梯度洗脱条件下分离待测物,外标法定量。原儿茶酸的线性范围为0.1~10.0 mg/L,相关系数r=0.9998。方法的回收率为83%~107%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.6%~10.5%,方法的定量限为1.0 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、快速,提取效率高,适用于检测和分析五灵脂中原儿茶酸的含量。     

化学合成半乳糖基纤维素

本文研究了一种在酸性条件下合成半乳糖基纤维素的化学方法,探讨了反应时间、纤维素与半乳糖的投料比对共聚物中半乳糖摩尔取代度(MS)的影响。在酸性条件下,纤维素与半乳糖共聚时,少量的半乳糖接枝到纤维素上形成水不溶物,即半乳糖基纤维素;而其余的半乳糖与纤维素降解的少量葡聚糖片段共聚形成水溶物。反应时间从50 min延长到120 min,水不溶物的半乳糖MS基本保持0.12不变;而反应时间为150 min时,水不溶物的半乳糖MS降低为0.073;水溶物主要是由半乳糖组成,葡萄糖含量少。增加半乳糖用量,水不溶物的半乳糖MS增加最后保持0.094不变;随着反应物中半乳糖含量的增加,水溶物的半乳糖MS也是先增加,后保持基本保持15不变。     

陈化体系组成对Ce0.65Zr0.35O2储氧材料性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂(CZ)储氧材料, 在传统的水陈化体系中引入了乙醇, 研究了乙醇的加入对CZ储氧材料性能的影响. 对所制备样品进行了傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N₂吸附-脱附、储氧量(OSC)和H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)的表征, 并考察了以CZ储氧材料为载体制备的单钯催化剂的三效性能. 结果表明, 乙醇引入陈化体系对样品的结构和性能有显著影响. 以醇水共存体系陈化制备的CZ储氧材料颗粒小、堆积松散、孔径分布宽、孔容大, 具有优异的储氧性能和热稳定性, 经1000 °C焙烧后, 比表面积为29.3 m²·g^-1, 储氧量仍高达520 μmol·g^-1. 以此为载体制备的单钯催化剂, 空燃比操作窗口宽, 对C₃H₈、CO、NO的转化明显优于水陈化体系制备的储氧材料所制备的催化剂.     

Breathing Effect in a Cobalt Phosphonate upon Dehydration/Rehydration: A Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Study

Two cobalt phosphonates, [Co₂(2,2′‐bpy)₂(H₂O)(pbtcH)] ( 1 ) and [Co₂(H₂O)(pbtcH)(phen)₂] ( 2 ; pbtcH₅=5‐phosphonatophenyl‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic acid, 2,2′‐bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline), with layer structures are reported. Compound 1 contains O‐C‐O and O‐P‐O bridged tetramers of Co₄, which are further connected by pbtcH^4? units to form a layer. In compound 2 , the cobalt tetramers made up of water‐bridged Co₂ dimers and O‐P‐O linkages are connected into a layer by pbtcH^4? units. Upon dehydration, compounds 1 and 2 experience single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC–SC) structural transformations to form [Co₂(2,2′‐bpy)₂(pbtcH)] ( 1 a ) and [Co₂(pbtcH)(phen)₂] ( 2 a ), respectively. The process is reversible in each case. Notably, a breathing effect is observed for 1 , accompanied by pore opening and closing due to the reorientation of the coordinated 2,2′‐bpy molecules. The transformation was also monitored by in situ IR measurements. Magnetic studies reveal that antiferromagnetic interactions are mediated between the magnetic centers in compounds 1 and 1 a , whereas ferromagnetic interactions are dominant in compound 2 .     

POSS基树枝状大分子的合成与应用

树枝状大分子(dendrimer)是一种高度支化、纳米尺度的人工合成大分子,具有独特的物理化学性能和重要的应用前景。利用具有8个可官能化顶点的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)作为树枝状大分子的核心,可在一定程度上简化树枝状大分子繁琐的合成与分离过程,在低代数时就可获得较大的表面官能团密度,并使树枝状分子呈现球形对称结构。POSS基树枝状大分子结合了POSS和树枝状分子结构与性能的优势,是一类极具潜力的有机-无机纳米杂化材料。本文综述了近年来POSS基树枝状大分子的最新研究成果,介绍了具有代表性的POSS基树枝状大分子的合成方法以及它们在催化剂、生物材料、液晶材料和发光材料等领域的应用研究进展,并对该新型材料的发展趋势做了展望。