Genetic optical design for a compressive sensing task

We present a sophisticated optical design method for reducing the number of photodetectors for a specific sensing task. The chosen design parameter is the point spread function, and the selected task is object recognition. The point spread function is optimized iteratively with a genetic algorithm for object recognition based on a neural network. In the experimental demonstration, binary classification of face and non-face datasets was performed with a single measurement using two photodetectors. A spatial light modulator operating in the amplitude modulation mode was provided in the imaging optics and was used to modulate the point spread function. In each generation of the genetic algorithm, the classification accuracy with a pattern displayed on the spatial light modulator was fed-back to the next generation to find better patterns. The proposed method increased the accuracy by about 30 % compared with a conventional imaging system in which the point spread function was the delta function. This approach is practically useful for compressing the cost, size, and observation time of optical sensors in specific applications, and robust for imperfections in optical elements.     

真空中铝单丝电爆炸的实验研究

开展了铝单丝在负极性电流脉冲作用下电爆炸特性的研究.利用皮秒激光探针,搭建了阴影、纹影和干涉的光学诊断平台,得到了不镀膜铝丝典型的能量沉积过程,在电压崩溃时刻其沉积能量为2.4 eV/atom.为了增加金属丝内的沉积能量,开展了相同电参数及金属丝尺寸下的镀膜铝丝电爆炸实验,其沉积能量可达到5 eV/atom,实现了在电压崩溃之前铝丝完全气化(完全气化所需能量为4 eV/atom).阴影图像展示了高密度丝核区域的膨胀过程,不镀膜铝丝平均膨胀速度为2.2 km/s,而镀膜铝丝因为沉积能量大,其膨胀速度约为不镀膜铝丝的2.3倍,高密度区域膨胀速度为5 km/s.由于阴影不能反映低密度等离子体的膨胀,开展了平行双丝实验,通过测量自发光辐射,估算了低密度等离子体的膨胀速度.利用条纹相机拍摄了不镀膜铝丝电爆炸过程中自发光区域的图像.纹影图像清晰地展示了不镀膜铝丝在电爆炸过程中形成的核冕结构,而镀膜铝丝电爆炸过程中核冕结构得到了一定程度的抑制.从干涉图像计算了相移,在轴对称假设下对相移进行阿贝尔逆变换,重构了三维的铝原子数密度分布.     

Progress of Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics (JUNA)

Jinping Underground laboratory for Nuclear Astrophysics(JUNA) will take the advantage of the ultra-low background of CJPL lab and high current accelerator based on an ECR source and a highly sensitive detector to directly study for the first time a number of crucial reactions occurring at their relevant stellar energies during the evolution of hydrostatic stars. In its first phase, JUNA aims at the direct measurements of~(25)Mg(p,γ)~(26)Al,~(19)F(p,α)~(16)O,~(13)C(α,n)~(16)O and ~(12)C(α,γ)~(16)O reactions. The experimental setup,which includes an accelerator system with high stability and high intensity, a detector system, and a shielding material with low background, will be established during the above research. The current progress of JUNA will be given.     

Electro‐optic switching with liquid crystal graphene

Graphene oxide (GO) particles in aqueous dispersions can form liquid crystal (LC) phases at extremely low concentrations due to the extremely high aspect ratio of the flakes and noticeably, they possess an extremely large Kerr coefficient attractive for low power consumption electro‐optic devices. Reduced graphene does not easily form LC phases in water due to its hydrophobic nature but here we show that stable dispersions of reduced graphene oxide can be realized with surfactants and that they exhibit birefringence upon shearing as well as under application of electric fields. The performance of the system is largely superior to GO LC possessing longer time stability and drastically improved electro‐optic properties with an induced birefringence twice as large at the same field strength thanks to the almost recovery of graphene properties upon reduction. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A proposed direct measurement of cross section at Gamow window for key reaction ~(19)F( p,α)~(16)O in Asymptotic Giant Branch stars with a planned accelerator in CJPL

In 2014, the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) approved the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics laboratory(JUNA) project, which aims at direct cross-section measurements of four key stellar nuclear reactions right down to the Gamow windows. In order to solve the observed fluorine overabundances in Asymptotic Giant Branch(AGB) stars, measuring the key ~(19)F( p,α)~(16)O reaction at effective burning energies(i.e., at Gamow window) is established as one of the scientific research sub-projects. The present paper describes this sub-project in details, including motivation, status, experimental setup, yield and background estimation, aboveground test, as well as other relevant reactions.     

Confined space and effective interactions of multiple self-avoiding chains

We study the link between three seeming-disparate cases of self-avoiding polymers: strongly overlapping multiple chains in dilute solution, chains under spherical confinement, and the onset of semidilute solutions. Our main result is that the free energy for overlapping n chains is independent of chain length and scales as n9/4, slowly crossing over to n3, as n increases. For strongly confined polymers inside a spherical cavity, we show that rearranging the chains does not cost an additional free energy. Our results imply that, during cell cycle, global reorganization of eukaryotic chromosomes in a large cell nucleus could be readily achieved.     

Electric field effect tuning of electron-phonon coupling in graphene

Gate-modulated low-temperature Raman spectra reveal that the electric field effect (EFE), pervasive in contemporary electronics, has marked impacts on long-wavelength optical phonons of graphene. The EFE in this two-dimensional honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms creates large density modulations of carriers with linear dispersion (known as Dirac fermions). Our EFE Raman spectra display the interactions of lattice vibrations with these unusual carriers. The changes of phonon frequency and linewidth demonstrate optically the particle-hole symmetry about the charge-neutral Dirac point. The linear dependence of the phonon frequency on the EFE-modulated Fermi energy is explained as the electron-phonon coupling of massless Dirac fermions.     

Photo-oxidation of polyhydroxyl molecules on TiO2 surfaces: from hole scavenging to light-induced self-assembly of TiO2-cyclodextrin wires

First-principles calculations are carried out to study photo-oxidation of glucose, as a prototype of polyhydroxyl carbohydrates and alcohols, on TiO2 surfaces. We reveal the microscopic mechanisms for the separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes at the TiO2-molecule interface as detailed from hole trapping, deprotonation, to the formation of an electron-hole recombination center. These revealed mechanisms further lead to the understanding of the light-induced self-assembly mechanism for TiO2-cyclodextrin nanowires.     

Laser-diode pumped heavy-doped Yb:YAG ceramic lasers

Laser performance of heavy-doped Yb:YAG ceramics was investigated using a two-pass pumping miniature laser configuration. Slope efficiency of 52% and optical-to-optical efficiency of 48% have been achieved for 1-mm-thick YAG ceramic doped with 20 at.% ytterbium ions. Laser spectra of Yb:YAG ceramic and single-crystal lasers were addressed under different intracavity laser intensities. Heavy-doped Yb:YAG ceramic is more suitable for a thin disk laser than a single-crystal with the same Yb(3+)-ion lasants.     

Cationic and temperature-sensitive liposomes loaded with eugenol for the application to silk

Silk has been widely used in the clothing industry due to their soft and smooth features, good biocompatibility, good heat dissipation, warmth and ultraviolet resistance. The application of fragrance to silk can significantly improve the performance of silk. However, there are two key scientific problems that need to be solved: slowing down the release rate of fragrances and increasing the scent lasting time of silk. In this study, cationic and temperature-sensitive liposomes were designed and prepared to encapsulate eugenol. These fragrance-loaded liposomes significantly slowed down the release rate of the fragrance and controlled the release rate of the fragrance in a thermo-sensitive manner. The liposomes adhered to the silk through electrostatic adsorption interaction. The positive charge on the fragrance-loaded liposomes neutralized much negative charge on silk and thereby increasing the adhesion efficiency.