Concentration distribution in the wake of a sphere buried in a granular bed through which fluid flows

The concentration distribution in the wake of a soluble sphere immersed in a granular bed of inert particles, through which fluid flows with “uniform velocity”, has been obtained numerically, for solute transport by both advection and diffusion/dispersion. Fluid flow in the granular bed around the sphere was assumed to follow Darcy’s law and, at each point, dispersion of solute was considered in both the cross-stream and streamwise directions. The elliptic PDE equation, resulting from a differential material balance on the solute, was solved numerically over a wide range of values of the relevant parameters (Peclet number and Schmidt number). The solution gives the concentration contour plots and, for each concentration level, the width and downstream length of the corresponding contour surface were determined. General expressions are presented to predict contaminant “plume” size downstream of the polluting source.     

Manganese cryptomelane-type oxides: A thermo-kinetic and morphological study

In the present work, a detailed study on structural and textural properties, as well as a thermo-kinetic characterization of two manganese cryptomelane-type oxides, was carried out. A suitable methodology was stated for determining the several stages taking place during the surface molecules’ removal. Thus, further insights were provided about the chemical nature of the sites present at the solid's surface. Relative strengths and the number of basic sites at the surface were estimated. The results show that the removal of the adsorbed (H₂O, CO₂) molecules from the surface is essential to disclose the oxide surface features. The morphological properties and thermo-kinetic characterization indicate the existence of at least three types of basic sites, owing activation energy values ranging from 140 to 190 kJ/mol. The dispersion observed in the activation energy data, during the CO₂ loss, suggests that the interaction occurs on different sites. Therefore, both samples showed a heterogeneous surface; this is related to the energetic nature of the sites, as well as the basic strengths of the surface manganese cryptomelane oxides.     

符号型Nagumo条件下一类非线性边值问题的可解性

综合利用Leray-Schauder度理论的同伦不变性、上下解方法等,在符号型Nagumo条件下获得了一类三阶非线性常微分方程在非线性边界条件下解的存在性结果.     

基于二维真实隐马氏模型的手写体文字识别算法

近几年来，人们采用各种方法试图将1D隐马氏模型(HMM)^[2]推广到2D隐马氏模型。令人失望的是由于在建立合适的2D模型及其计算上的复杂度问题上存在困难，前面的尝试都没有得到一个真实的2DHMM．本文对于应用真实2D隐马氏模型(隐马氏网格随机场HMMRF)^[1,4]进行手写字符识别问题提出新的框架，针对文献[1]中的单点最优算法给出局部最优的译码算法。HMMRF模型是1D隐马氏模型到2D的扩展，能更好的描述字符的2D特性。HMMRF在字符识别中的应用具有两个相——学习相和译码相。在学习相和译码相中我们的最优标准是基于极大边缘后验概率的。不过，在涉及到2D模型中的计算问题时，对模型做出某些简单化的假设是必要的。本文用到的方法对于在合理的模型假设下解决手写字符识别问题呈现了很大的潜力。     

谐波锁模掺铒光纤激光器的稳定性研究

对谐波锁模掺铒光纤激光器的稳定性进行了实验研究.采用再生锁模技术控制腔长变化对稳定性的影响,提出了在腔内利用缠绕光纤法替代保偏光纤以获取偏振稳定机制的方案,并进行了相关实验.利用自相位调制＋频谱滤波抑制超模噪音,实验中当抽运功率在50 mW以上时就足可以抑制超模噪音.实验结果表明:采用以上三种措施能够较好地解决影响谐波锁模光纤激光器稳定的温漂、偏振起伏和超模噪音问题,从而大大提高了谐波锁模光纤激光器的稳定性.     

String effects on Fermi–Dirac correlation measurements

We investigate some recent measurements of Fermi–Dirac correlations by the LEP collaborations indicating surprisingly small source radii for the production of baryons in e⁺e^- annihilation at the Z⁰ peak. In hadronization models there is besides the Fermi–Dirac correlation effect also a strong dynamical (anti-) correlation. We demonstrate that the extraction of the pure FD effect is highly dependent on a realistic Monte Carlo event generator, both for separation of those dynamical correlations that are not related to Fermi–Dirac statistics, and for corrections of the data and background subtractions. Although the model can be tuned to well reproduce single particle distributions, there are large model uncertainties when it comes to correlations between identical baryons. We therefore, unfortunately, have to conclude that it is at present not possible to draw any firm conclusion about the source radii relevant for baryon production at LEP. PACS 13.60.Rj; 13.66.Bc     

树型微通道网络在集成微电子冷却中的应用

本文通过数值求解三维的N-S方程以及能量守恒方程,研究了树型微通道网络热沉的温度分布特点,指出了常规树型网络结构在集成微电子冷却应用中的局限性,并通过详细的分析对其进行了局部改进.改进后的树型网络极大地提高了热沉的热性能同时还降低了压降.和平行微通道相比,改进后的树型微通道网络具有更小的压降,具有更小的热阻和更好的温度均匀性.因此具有很大的应用前景.     

A New Quantum Secure Direct Communication Protocol Using Decoherence-Free Subspace

A new quantum secure direct communication （QSDC） protocol is proposed by using decoherence free subspace （DFS） to avoid insecurity of the present QSDC protocols in a quantum noise channel. This protocol makes it easily for Bob and Alice to find eavesdropping in channel because the collective dephasing noise disappears in DFS. The probability of successful attack by Eve in this protocol is smaller than in BB84 protocol. Thus this protocol realizes secure QSDC and is feasible with present-day technology.     

半色调彩色图像的反射率模型

光在纸张与油墨内散射或油墨在纸基内渗透都将影响半色调印刷图像的阶调特性．考虑到油墨在纸面上扩展所形成的墨点非矩形特性、光在纸基内传播的多次散射性和油墨在纸基内的渗透作用，采用纸张与油墨反射率与透射率的迭代修整方法建立了印刷图像的反射率新模型．理论模型中用纸张与油墨的反射率是油墨网点面积率的函数和实验参量砌描述纸张和油墨对反射模型的影响．