超声辅助液相合成多晶SnS纳米粉

本文以Na2S·9H2O和SnCl2·2H2O为反应源物,采用超声辅助液相合成法制备SnS纳米粉.用XRD、TEM和TED等方法对粉体样品进行了表征,检测结果表明粉体样品为具有斜方晶体结构的SnS纳米微粒,其平均晶粒尺寸约为15～25nm.论文还简要讨论了超声波对SnS纳米粉形成的影响,分析认为超声辅助手段的加入有利于多晶SnS纳米粉的形成.     

碳纤维阴极发射均匀性的实验研究

 分别用自制浸渍碘化铯（CsI）针式环状碳纤维阴极和环状不锈钢阴极所产生的电子束轰击尼龙目击靶,研究碳纤维阴极发射均匀性。在碳纤维阴极电子束轰击的目击靶上得到了均匀的烧蚀痕迹,而不锈钢阴极电子束轰击的目击靶上烧蚀痕迹不均匀,表明碳纤维阴极发射电子束的均匀性优于不锈钢阴极。分析认为两阴极不同的发射机制及其所特有的材料性质和结构导致其发射电子束均匀性的差异。用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对不锈钢阴极尖端和碳纤维阴极尖端和侧面进行扫描,发现不锈钢阴极仅尖端处被烧蚀,而碳纤维阴极尖端和侧面都有烧蚀痕迹,验证了碳纤维阴极由场发射和表面闪络共同作用的发射机制的假设分析。     

飞秒激光-固体靶相互作用中渡越辐射的测量

 为了探索超热电子的加热机制，利用光学CCD相机和OMA光学多道分析仪，分别在靶背法线方向测量了光学渡越辐射（OTR）积分成像图案和光谱。实验在100 TW掺钛蓝宝石激光器上进行，飞秒激光与铜膜靶作用后，靶表面发光信号由空间分辨装置聚焦成像并引到CCD或OMA谱仪的狭缝上。测得的积分成像图案呈圆环状，光斑形成区域直径约为225 μm，在圆环边缘附近出现局部化明亮光信号，该现象表明，超热电子在传输的过程中存在成丝效应，其分布也不均匀。光谱在300～500 nm之间出现一系列非周期锐利尖峰，在400 nm（2ω0）附近出现的尖峰应归因于v×B加热机制产生的超热电子引起的相干渡越辐射（CTR）。     

气体靶密度的数值计算与实验研究

 采用了1维简单模型来模拟气体靶的空间密度分布情况,并且该计算值得到了实验的验证。使用M-Z干涉仪诊断锥型喷嘴喷射的气体靶密度分布,得到了不同压力和不同延时下的干涉图样。自行编写了实验数据处理程序,得到了不同情况下气体密度的空间分布。在相互作用实验中,由气体分子密度随压力的变化,可以确定合适的压力,以获得预期的气体靶密度;由气体分子密度随时间的变化,可以确定激光与气体的作用时刻。     

磨石磨损分形预测研究

磨合是新机器投入正常运行前所必须经历的一个过程。合理的磨合可防止机器在早期发生咬合,从而极大地延长其使用寿命,基于磨损表面的分形表征,经典接触理论和磨损理论,建立了磨合磨损预测分形模型,以铜合金销和４５＃钢盘试样组成摩擦副,在销－盘摩擦磨损试验机上进行了磨合试验。研究结果表明,基于所建立的模型的磨损率预测结果与试验结果基本吻合。     

楔形薄膜逾渗系统的临界特性

报道一种楔形金属薄膜逾渗系统的制备方法和测量结果,这种新型逾渗系统具有独特的非线性I-V特性和临界规律,从实验中发现:在这一各向异性系统中,普适标度关系仍然成立,分析表明:这些特性是由于该系统中随空间坐标而变化的跳跃电导效应而引起的. 关键词：     

A Brownian Particle in a Microscopic Periodic Potential

We study a model for a massive test particle in a microscopic periodic potential and interacting with a reservoir of light particles. In the regime considered, the fluctuations in the test particle’s momentum resulting from collisions typically outweigh the shifts in momentum generated by the periodic force, so the force is effectively a perturbative contribution. The mathematical starting point is an idealized reduced dynamics for the test particle given by a linear Boltzmann equation. In the limit that the mass ratio of a single reservoir particle to the test particle tends to zero, we show that there is convergence to the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process under the standard normalizations for the test particle variables. Our analysis is primarily directed towards bounding the perturbative effect of the periodic potential on the particle’s momentum.     

General perspectives on model construction and evaluation for stochastic estimation,with application to a blunt trailing edge wake

The technique of stochastic estimation is examined as a specific application of linear least squares modelling. Factors that are relevant to the objectives of estimation in fluids, such as the number of sensors, the use of multiple time lags, and the strength of linear correlations, are discussed in the context of a general regression formulation. We consolidate the established findings of several research fields in order to outline clearly the potential pitfalls and reasonable performance expectations of these empirical strategies. Experimental measurements of velocity and fluctuating pressure in the wake of a blunt trailing edge body are used for quantitative illustration of key considerations for model construction and performance evaluation. It is emphasized that estimator accuracy is influenced strongly by the physical relationships among the measured variables, in addition to their correlation with the estimated variable. The evaluation of several performance metrics on an independent test set provides valuable information for the selection of a suitably complex model. In particular, “variance inflation” is interpreted as an indicator of the potential amplification of noise by a stochastic estimator.