大脉冲电流下钨铜电极水和空气中的烧蚀特性

针对水中、空气中脉冲放电条件下金属电极烧蚀速率及烧蚀机理差异,对脉冲大电流作用下水中、空气中钨铜电极的烧蚀特性进行了对比研究。在保证放电电流波形一致性的前提下,通过采用高精度天平测量并获取了水中、空气中钨铜电极的阴、阳极烧蚀速率及总烧蚀速率,并对电极表面进行了二次电子观察和背散射电子观察分析。结果表明,大脉冲电流作用下,水中钨铜电极烧蚀较空气中更为严重,钨铜电极的烧蚀主要是金属蒸发引起的汽相侵蚀。由于水介质较空气具有不可压缩性,水中放电电弧集中,电极表面电弧斑点处电流密度和电流作用时间较空气中更为严重,同时由于水中脉冲放电时发生的高温物理化学反应,是造成水中电极烧蚀要高于空气中的根本原因。     

Upgrade of beamline BL08B at Taiwan Light Source from a photon‐BPM to a double‐grating SGM beamline

During the last 20 years, beamline BL08B has been upgraded step by step from a photon beam‐position monitor (BPM) to a testing beamline and a single‐grating beamline that enables experiments to record X‐ray photo‐emission spectra (XPS) and X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS) for research in solar physics, organic semiconductor materials and spinel oxides, with soft X‐ray photon energies in the range 300–1000 eV. Demands for photon energy to extend to the extreme ultraviolet region for applications in nano‐fabrication and topological thin films are increasing. The basic spherical‐grating monochromator beamline was again upgraded by adding a second grating that delivers photons of energy from 80 to 420 eV. Four end‐stations were designed for experiments with XPS, XAS, interstellar photoprocess systems (IPS) and extreme‐ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) in the scheduled beam time. The data from these experiments show a large count rate in core levels probed and excellent statistics on background normalization in the L‐edge adsorption spectrum.     

双壳层靶丸金属层电沉积装置设计

设计了一种新型双壳层靶丸金属层电沉积装置,借助计算机模拟了其设计原理,分析了微球的运动及镀层的生长模式,介绍了其各部分结构和功能。借助理论计算,确定了镀槽的整体尺寸,其中槽体半径确定为5cm。镀槽的特殊结构使微球上部镀层沉积速度较快,结合小球的自转及围绕圆柱体的公转运动实现镀层均匀沉积。镀液及微球的运动模式使镀液流速合并了主盐浓度、小球平动速度、小球转动速度三个关键参数,简化了对沉积过程的控制。在新旧装置上进行了电沉积实验,制备出了镀层厚度分别为9μm和2μm的空心金微球,结果表明:使用设计的装置可制备表面质量良好、厚度均匀且可控的金属微球,镀层厚度由沉积时间、金属层密度、镀液比重、微球芯轴的等效密度等决定。     

Classification of Homomorphisms from C (X) to Simple C*-Algebras of Real Rank Zero

Abstract Let A be a unital simple C*-algebra of real zero, stable rank one, with weakly unperforated K ₀₍ A) and unique normalized quasi-trace τ, and let X be a compact metric space. We show that two monomorphisms φ, ψ : C(X)→A are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if φ and ψ induce the same element in KL(C(X), A) and the two lineal functionals τ∘φ and τ∘ψ are equal. We also show that, with an injectivity condition, an almost multiplicative morphism from C(X) into A with vanishing KK-obstacle is close to a homomorphism. Research partially supported by NSF Grants DMS 93-01082 (H.L) and DMS-9401515(G.G). This work was reported by the first named author at West Coast Operator Algebras Seminar (Sept. 1995, Eugene, Oregon)     

基于生物延迟发光评价玉米萌发期抗旱性的方法

玉米种子萌发期抗旱性评价是节水农业研究中的难点和热点问题之一,生物延迟发光分析技术的应用有可能解决这一问题。采用生物延迟发光评价方法研究了玉米种子萌发期的抗旱性能力,探讨了在渗透势-0.1 MPa和-0.3 MPa的PEG-6000溶液中萌发的玉米品种万瑞168号和堰单8号延迟发光的变化规律。结果表明,万瑞168号和堰单8号玉米品种的延迟发光积分强度都随着萌发进程逐渐升高,-0.1 MPa和-0.3 MPa的PEG-6000溶液形成的干旱胁迫对两个玉米品种延迟发光积分强度的升高有不同的抑制作用,胁迫强度越大,两个品种延迟发光积分强度的差异就越大。研究还发现,在干旱胁迫下萌发的万瑞168号和堰单8号玉米延迟发光相对变化率R_DL与种子萌发抗旱指数和储藏物质转运率的变化是一致的,依据干旱胁迫下种子萌发过程中延迟发光积分强度相对变化率R_DL的大小可以评价玉米种子萌发期抗旱性的强弱。     

Polarization of plane wave propagating inside elastic hexagonal system solids

Based on the reported physical parameters for hexagonal system solids,we have calculated the effects of anisotropy on polarization of plane P-wave propagation.Herein we report the results of calculations and the newly observed physical phenomena.It is found that,for a given propagation,if the polarization is parallel to the wave vector,so also to the Poynting vector.In such a case,the phase velocity is identical to the energy velocity;the quasi P-wave degenerates to a pure P-wave along the propagation.It is also noted that if the polarization is parallel to the Poynting vector but not to the wave vector,the propagating wave cannot be a pure P-wave.Furthermore,the polarization in a quasi P-wave may deviate from the wave vector for more than 45°,but the deviation from the Poynting vector is always less than 45°.The energy velocity of a quasi SV-wave can be larger than that of the quasi P-wave in some propagation directions,even though the phase velocity of a quasi SV-wave may never be larger than either the phase velocity or energy velocity of the quasi P-wave.Finally,in case of parameters ε=0 and δ*≠0,the polarization of a quasi P-wave has an observed symmetry at a 45°phase angle.The anisotropy of a hexagonal system solid determines if a pure P-wave can be created and what the propagation direction is for a plane wave propagating inside such a hexagonal system solid.     

Identification of a 9/2-[505] isomer in the neutron-rich 193Os nucleus

The neutron rich nucleus ¹⁹³Os was produced in the ¹⁹²Os(⁷Li, ⁶Li)¹⁹³Os reaction. An isomeric state based on the 9/2^-[505] Nilsson orbital was identified in the present work. The half-life of the isomeric state was extracted and discussed in terms of the K quantum number. A level scheme built on the isomeric state was proposed based on the experimental data.     

高功率氙灯脉冲放电过程中石英管壁热损伤机理

基于高功率激光装置对脉冲氙灯工程运行可靠性的要求,利用现有的能源模块开展了氙灯放电考核实验。实验结果表明：虽然氙灯运行在安全的能量负载水平,当能源模块单个放电回路的峰值功率超过300 MW时,氙灯石英玻璃管壁存在热损伤风险。肉眼观察到管壁损伤后在反射器对侧的灯管内壁出现乳白色沉积层。经扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱测试分析,证实热损伤形成的乳白色沉积物为二氧化硅。为探究管壁热损伤机制,采用高速摄影观测了氙灯放电等离子体沟道发展过程。图像显示放大器内金属反射器的几何形状对放电沟道的分布产生了显著影响,尤其是在侧灯箱,灯内电弧沟道会靠近反射器一侧集中分布,因此,导致等离子体对灯管的偏烧。当放电峰值功率超过石英热负载极限时,管壁表面二氧化硅材料会被烧蚀至蒸发、气化,并随后沉积在灯管较冷部位。研究结果表明放电回路的放电峰值功率过高、放大器内金属反射器均会对氙灯造成热损伤。     

非临界相位匹配RTP晶体1.6 μm光参量振荡器

采用非临界相位匹配切割,尺寸4 mm4 mm20 mm的磷酸钛氧铷（RTP）晶体作为非线性光学晶体,进行了半导体激光端面抽运Nd:YAG/RTP的内腔式光参量振荡获得人眼安全激光的实验研究。对比了不同声光调Q重复频率下的信号光输出特性。在10.5 W的抽运功率和15 kHz的重复频率下,获得了最高900 mW的1.62 m人眼安全激光输出,光光转换效率达8.6%。1.62 m信号光和对应的1.06 m基频光的脉冲宽度分别为4.6和8.2 ns。信号光中心波长在1618 nm,谱线宽度小于0.5 nm。     

BaTi2Bi2O的电子结构与磁性

采用第一性原理方法,对BaTi₂Bi₂O的电子结构和磁性进行计算.非磁性态的计算结果显示:费米能级处的态密度主要来自d_z²,d_x²-y²和d_xy三个轨道,同时费米面也主要有三部分组成,并且将其沿着矢量q₁=(π/a,0,0)和q₂=(0,π/a,0)平移时,第三部分费米面(沿着X-R连线)与第一部分费米面(M-A连线)嵌套明显,计算得出磁化系数χ₀(q)在X点出现峰值,与峰值出现在M点的FeAs基超导体不同.上述磁化率峰值可以诱导产生自旋密度波,使得BaTi₂Bi₂O材料的磁性基态是bi-collinear antiferromagnetism(AF3)与blocked checkerboard antiferromagnetism(AF4)的二度简并态.随着空穴掺杂,χ₀(q)的峰值降低,而电子掺杂则导致峰值变大.当自旋涨落被完全压制时,超导出现,这可以解释为什么超导只出现在空穴掺杂型化合物而非电子掺杂型.