Investigation on spontaneous ignition of two kinds of organic material with water

A systematic investigation was performed to elucidate the cause of spontaneous ignition of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and Meat Bone Meal (MBM). Heat generation in both RDF and MBM with addition of water liquid and vapor at room temperature was determined by isothermal calorimetry. Compared with water liquid, the heat of wetting by sorption of water vapor at 80% relative humidity and 25 °C was larger, which can raise the temperature of RDF and MBM more than 30 and 56 °C, respectively. Heat generation due to fermentation occurred and the temperature of RDF and MBM reached or exceeded 80 °C after 5 days for RDF and 4 days for MBM at 100% RH. The spontaneous ignition for RDF and MBM results from heat of wetting and fermentation at room temperature and a further exothermic reaction at higher temperature.     

Ab initio studies on the IRC and rate constant of the reaction between acetylene and the hydrogen atom

The geometries of the reactant, product, and transition state of the reaction between acetylene and the hydrogen atom have been optimized at the level of HF /6-31G using the energy gradient method. The barrier height for this reaction was calculated to be 105.9 kJ/mol with a zero-point energy correction and elimination of spin contamination. The intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC ) for this reaction was traced and the coupling between the IRC and normal modes was analyzed along the IRC . The variational transition-state theory with the correction of the tunnel effect has been used to evaluate the reaction rate constant. It is in good agreement with an experimental estimate. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Spontaneous Vesicle Formation in Aqueous Mixtures of Cationic Surfactants and Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide

Spontaneous vesicle formation was observed in aqueous mixtures of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and single-tailed cationic surfactants. The influences of pH, addition of long-chain alcohols, variation of hydrocarbon chain length, and head group size of the cationic surfactants were investigated systematically. It was found that 30-50% hydrolyzed degree of polyacrylamide and cationic surfactants with 10 or 12 methylene groups are suitable for vesicle formation in the mixed aqueous systems at pH 9.2. Addition of long-chain alcohols was found to be helpful for vesicle formation in some cases. The vesicle stability was also investigated at various temperatures and amounts of ethanol addition. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Synergistic effects in mixed gas chromatographic stationary phases containing hepatkis(2.3.6-tri-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin and AgNO3 or TINO3 in the separation of xylene isomers

Summary The gas chromatographic separation of xylene isomers using special mixed stationary phases consisting of heptakis(2.3.6-tri-O-pentyl)-β-CD-AgNO₃, heptakis (2.3.6-tri-O-pentyl)-β-CD-TINO₃ or bentone-34-AgNO₃ is investigated. The first two have positive synergistic effects for the separation of m, and p-xylene isomers, but negative synergistic effects for the m, and oisomers. The separation effects depend on temperature, mixing ratio and how mixing is accomplished.     

Bulk versus interfacial aqueous solvation of dicarboxylate dianions

Solvation of dicarboxylate dianions of varying length of the aliphatic chain in water clusters and in extended aqueous slabs was investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Photoelectron spectra of hydrated succinate, adipate, and tetradecandioic dianions with up to 20 water molecules were obtained. Even-odd effects were observed as a result of the alternate solvation mode of the two negative charges with increasing solvent numbers. The competition between hydrophilic interactions of the charged carboxylate groups and hydrophobic interactions of the aliphatic chain leads to conformation changes in large water clusters containing dicarboxylates bigger than adipate. It also leads to a transition from bulk aqueous solvation of small dicarboxylates to solvation at the water/vapor interface of the larger ones. Whereas oxalate and adipate solvate in the inner parts of the aqueous slab, suberate and longer dicarboxylate dianions have a strong propensity to the surface. This transition also has consequences for the folding of the flexible aliphatic chain and for the structure of aqueous solvation shells around the dianions.     

Suppression of non-specific adsorption using sheath flow

The use of a confining sheath fluid within a microfluidic channel in order prevent non-specific adsorption of analytes to the walls of microchannels is demonstrated. A sheath-flow channel fabricated using laser cutting of Mylar films is developed. Numerical simulations of convective and diffusive mass transport within the channel are presented. The device is characterized experimentally using epifluorescence microscopy. It is demonstrated that the device is capable of preventing the adsorption of Rhodamine B to the walls of the channel for a period that would allow for adsorption-free T-sensor measurements to be made within the core of the flow channel. Generalized scaling rules based on the diffusion coefficient, sheath thickness and affinity of the potential adsorbant for the surface material are discussed. The controlled adsorption of the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) to a gold surface is also demonstrated using SPR microscopy.     

光声量热法测定辅酶B12的光解量子产率

时间可分辨的光声最热法（Time－resolvedphotoacousticcalorimetry；简称PAC）是研究脉冲激光诱发的快速光化学和光生物化学反应过程动力学和热力学信息的一种有效方法[1－5]。本文采用压电陶瓷圆管同时作为样品油和换能器组成的PAC探测系统[6]，以波长λ＝355nm的脉冲激光（脉冲宽度8ns，脉冲重复频率10Hz）为光源激发辅酶B12甲醇溶液；研究其解量子产率，获得了满意的结果．1实验被测溶液注入两端用石英玻璃封口的压电陶瓷圆管内腔，激光束透过石英窗照射溶液（如图］所示）为标定被测样品的非辐射放热量，利用能在极短的时间内（＜l…     

Recovery of palladium from basic reprocessing waste of spent nuclear fuel

The methods including collection method, extraction-collection method, and special extraction-collection method have been investigated for high speed and efficient recovery of palladium from high pH reprocessing waste of spent nuclear fuel. The equilibrium of the reactions can be obtained is less than 1 minute. The maximum percent recovery of Pd is about 89%, 96% and 97% for collection, extraction-collection, and special extraction-collection methods, respectively. Nearly 100% of back extraction of Pd in the organic phase can be attained by using 7.4M ammonia solution, with a phase ratio of 1:1. The purity of the Pd product is high. The percent recovery of Pd is constant, up to 5·10³ Gy of irradiation dose.     

A new approach to the synthesis of α-chlorocycloalkanones

α-Chlorocycloalkanones(Ⅳ) were synthesized from cycloalkanones via potassiumα-oxocycloalkylsulfonates(Ⅱ).A two-step mechanism was proposed to explain the formation ofⅣfromⅡ.     

Suppressed Blinking in Single Quantum Dots (QDs) Immobilized Near Silver Island Films (SIFs)

In this report, we use single-molecule spectroscopic method to study emission behaviors of streptavidin conjugated quantum dots immobilized on biotinylated-BSA (bovine serum albumin) monolayer near non-continuous rough silver nanostructure. We observed greatly reduced blinking and enhanced emission fluorescence of quantum dots next to silver island films.