INFORMATION ABOUT SUBQUARK FROM EXPERIMENTS ON SUPERNIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAY

In this paper a kind of fireball model for subquark stratum is proposed, which can be used to explain the cosmic ray experiments for superhigh energy range, e. g., the mean multiplicity of secondary particles increases as S increases average transversal momentum ⊥> increases as S increases …etc. It can also give predictions which can be verified experimentally. This means that the information of the existence of subquark can be probed in the experiments on superhigh energy cosmic ray. Furthermore, this also means that some new phenomena observed in the experiments. on superhigh energy cosmiq ray provide. probably this kind of information.     

AN EXPLANATION TO THE INCONSISTENT PHENOMENON BETWEEN MEAN MULTIPLICITY AND AVERAGE TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM IN COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENTS WITH SUPERHIGH ENERGY OF E > 1015 eV

The rapid increase of both and T> as S increases in superhigh energy cosmic ray experiments manifests some inconsistencies with the 1> ≤ π/4 S^1/2 rule. It is shown that these inconsistencies can be weakened with the assumption that only the secondary particles of the small fireballs are measured in the Ashtonsr experiment ^[3], but still not removed.     

ON THE NEUTRINO MASS,THE ABUNDANCE OF RIGHT-HANDED NEUTRINO AND THE CLOSENESS OF THE UNIVERSE

We point out that although the neutrino mass is finite,the left-handed neutrino density still dominates over the righthanded one in the universe unless there exists one or more elementary fernions (quark or lepton) whose mass is larger than 10⁶ GeV. or M_WR/M_WL≤10². (M_WLand M_WR are the left and right handed intermediate boson respectively.If there exists neutrino the mass of which is about 34 ev. as indicated in some experiments, then one can conclude that the total neutrino mass of the universe s,bvld contribute abput 99%. to the whole masses and lead to the closeness of the universe.This conclusion can be brought to the agreement of all observation datd which have been-obtained so far. A mass limit of all species of neutrinos obtained by reexamining all data is ≤ 200 eV.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW BY A NEW FORMULATION

A new mathematical formulation, called the pseudovorticity–velocity formulation, of the three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is presented as an alternative to the vorticity–velocity approach. For the model lid-driven cavity flow problem in two and three dimensions, combined with an explicit mixed spectral /finite different numerical scheme the proposed formulation is found to be efficient and very accurate as compared with the results available in the literature. In particular, the simulation results demonstrate an attractive feature of the present formulation compared with the vorticity–velocity approach, namely that the divergence-free condition of the velocity field can always be achieved on a non-staggered mesh.     

Realization of Tip Tilting By 8-Step Line Tilting

By direct calculation of rotation matrices of SO（3）, we show how certain specific sequence of eight consecutive rotations of digital angles can yield a tilting of a facet mirror. We also design a detailed program specifically to tilt an array of mirrors from planar orientation to the required focusing orientation. We describe how to use the 8-step to realize the focusing of the mirror array. We have found, in our designed program, an important feature of row-sharing during the rotations for the columns and similarly the column-sharing during the rotations for the row. This feature can save a lot of operating time during the actual realization of the mechanical movements.     

Ω＋Ω→（ΩΩ）Jπ=0＋＋X Cross section Calculation

The cross sections of Ω+Ω→(ΩΩ)_J^π=0⁺+X are studied by using an effective Hamiltonian method. The results are σ_{Ω+Ω→(ΩΩ)0⁺+γ}=0.03～0.16×10^-29 cm² for p_Ω=100～400 MeV, and the cross sections of η production are about 10^-28 cm² for p_Ω > 880 MeV.     

α-Carbonyl Radical Cyclizatio n in Organic Synthesis

Intramolecular radical cyclization reactions are now used routinely to synthesize carbocyclic and heterocyclic structures. We have reported that α-carbonyl radicals 1, generated from the corresponding iodo ketones or enones, underwent intramolecular radical cyclization smoothly to afford products 2.1, 2,3     

在乳液体系里制备过氧化氫基聚苯乙烯及其在接枝聚合上的应用

用不同分子量的聚苯乙烯在乳液体系中进行过氧化氢基化反应,然后测定这些产品的特性粘数,HPO值(每1,000个苯乙烯结构单元中所合的过氧化氢基平均数目)等。在过氧化氢基聚苯乙烯的红外光谱里,可以在3,200—3,600厘米~(-1)吸收区里观察到过氧化氢基的吸收带,其吸收强度随着HPO值的增大而加强。最后用这些大分子过氧化物引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯及苯乙烯聚合,得到接枝聚合物。经过分离提纯后,用下列的方法: (1)浊度滴定; (2)热机械性能的测试; (3)水解后测定交换量; (4)红外吸收光谱;证明它们是接枝共聚物。     

An exact and heuristic approach for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>-minimum branch vertices problem

Given a connected graph \(G=(V,E)\), the d-Minimum Branch Vertices (d-MBV) problem consists in finding a spanning tree of G with the minimum number of vertices with degree strictly greater than d. We developed a Miller–Tucker–Zemlin based formulation with valid inequalities for this problem. The results obtained for different values of d show the effectiveness of the proposed method, which has solved several instances faster than previous methods. Also, an heuristic is proposed for this problem, that was tested on several instances of the Minimum Branch Vertices problem, which is the d-MBV problem, when \(d = 2\).