Thrust characteristics of an airbreathing pulse detonation engine in flight at mach numbers of 0.4 to 5.0

Multidimensional calculations are performed to demonstrate that, by its characteristics, the pulse detonation engine (PDE) is a unique type of ramjet propulsion system, which can be used in both subsonic and supersonic aircraft. By a number of examples, it is shown that, in various thrust characteristics, such as the specific impulse, specific fuel consumption, and specific thrust, the PDE substantially exceeds ramjet engines.     

Features of colloidal disperse structure formation in petroleum bitumen

Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry has been employed to analyze the structure-related thermal properties of petroleum bitumen. This method enables one to distinguish between “order–disorder” and glass transitions, thereby making it possible to monitor and identify structure-related phase transformations, the signals from which are invisible or overlapped in the thermograms of conventional differential scanning calorimetry. Bitumen has been shown to be a colloidal disperse system only under certain temperature–time conditions. Its dispersed phase may be represented by aggregates of two types with colloidal sizes. Saturated hydrocarbons form a solid crystalline phase in accordance with the regularities of first-order structural phase transitions and nucleation mechanism of phase separation. Asphaltenes and resins form a solid amorphous phase for a relatively long time as a result of a structural relaxation glass transition by the spinodal mechanism of phase separation.     

Influence of a pulsed magnetic field on the silver halide photographic process

Imaging in Russian and foreign silver halide photographic materials exposed to light or a gas discharge under the influence of a pulsed magnetic field is studied. It is shown that a single 0.12-s-long 4.2 kOe pulse of the magnetic field (magnetic pulse) synchronized with a light flash considerably improves the photosensitivity of the materials, while not influencing it in the absence of the flash. The pre-exposure of the asprepared photomaterials and the materials after 8-year aging to a series of 250 magnetic pulses with the above parameters deteriorates the gas-discharge sensitivity of the former and raises the sensitivity of the latter.     

Axially Symmetric Solution of the Weyl–Cartan Theory of Gravity and the Problem of the Rotation Curves of Galaxies

Russian Physics Journal -     

Glycation sites of human plasma proteins are affected to different extents by hyperglycemic conditions in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Glucose can modify proteins in human blood, forming early glycation products (e.g., Amadori compounds), which can slowly degrade to advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs contribute significantly to complications of diabetes mellitus and, thus, represent markers of advanced disease stages. They are, however, currently unsuitable for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Here, we report sensitive strategies to identify and relatively quantify protein glycation sites in human plasma samples obtained from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and age-matched nondiabetic individuals using a bottom-up approach. Specifically, Amadori peptides were enriched from tryptic digests by boronic acid affinity chromatography, separated by reversed-phase chromatography, and analyzed on-line by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Among the 52 Amadori peptides studied here were 20 peptides resembling 19 glycation sites in six human proteins detected at statistically significantly higher levels in T2DM than in the normoglycemic controls. Four positions appeared to be unique for T2DM within the detection limit. All 19 glycation sites represent promising new biomarker candidates for early diagnosis of T2DM and adequate therapeutic control, as they may indicate early metabolic changes preceding T2DM. Graphical Abstract

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