全文获取类型
收费全文 | 852篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 431篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 8篇 |
数学 | 79篇 |
物理学 | 343篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 7篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 56篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 29篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 7篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有862条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Valiente-Dobón JJ Steinhardt T Svensson CE Afanasjev AV Ragnarsson I Andreoiu C Austin RA Carpenter MP Dashdorj D de Angelis G Dönau F Eberth J Farnea E Freeman SJ Gadea A Garrett PE Görgen A Grinyer GF Hyland B Jenkins D Johnston-Theasby F Joshi P Jungclaus A Lieb KP Macchiavelli AO Moore EF Mukherjee G Napoli DR Phillips AA Plettner C Reviol W Sarantites D Schnare H Schumaker MA Schwengner R Seweryniak D Smith MB Stefanescu I Thelen O Wadsworth R 《Physical review letters》2005,95(23):232501
Three rotational bands in 74Kr were studied up to (in one case one transition short of) the maximum spin I(max) of their respective single-particle configurations. Their lifetimes have been determined using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The deduced transition quadrupole moments reveal a modest decrease, but far from a complete loss of collectivity at the maximum spin I(max). This feature, together with the results of mean field calculations, indicates that the observed bands do not terminate at I = I(max). 相似文献
62.
Gamble BM Gallagher PA Shoemaker JA Parks AN Freeman DM Schwegel CA Creed JT 《The Analyst》2003,128(12):1458-1461
This paper evaluates the chemical stability of four arsenosugars using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) as an extraction solvent. This solvent was chosen because of the near quantitative removal of these arsenicals from difficult to extract seafood (oysters and shellfish). Four arsenosugars (3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropylene glycol--As(328), 3-5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid--As(392), 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl hydrogen sulfate--As(408), and 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-beta-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl-2,3-hydroxypropyl phosphate--As(482)) were evaluated. The stability of these four arsenosugars were studied independently in a solution of 2.5% TMAOH at 60 degrees C over a period of up to 8 h. Two arsenosugars, As(328) and As(392), were found to be relatively stable in this solution for up to 8 h. However, As(408) and As(482) formed detectable quantities of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) and As(328) within 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. It was found that 97% of As(408) degrades after 8 h of treatment producing 3.4 times as much DMAA as As(328). This is contrary to As(482), which produces 13 times as much As(328) as DMAA and only 37% of the As(482) was converted by the 8 h treatment at 60 degrees C. These degradation products led to the investigation of weaker TMAOH extraction solvents. Three different concentrations (2.5%, 0.83% and 0.25%) were used to determine the effect of TMAOH concentration on the degradation rate of As(408). By reducing the TMAOH concentration to 0.83%, the conversion of the arsenosugar to As(328) and DMAA is nearly eliminated (less than 5% loss). Arsenosugars, As(408) and As(482), were also studied in 253 mM NaOH to verify the degradation products. The NaOH experiments were conducted to investigate a possible hydroxide based reaction mechanism. Similar degradation plots were found for each arsenosugar when compared to the 2.5% TMAOH data. A mechanism has been proposed for the formation of As(328) from As(408) and As(482) in base via an SN2 reaction (hydroxide attack) at the side chain carbon adjacent to the inorganic ester. The formation of DMAA is observed in all arsenosugars after prolonged exposure. This probably occurs via an SN2 attack at the arsenic atom. 相似文献
63.
When three-dimensional NMR spectra are presented as two stereoscopic images, they create a convincing three-dimensional impression for the viewer. In an extension of this principle, we record plane projections of a three-dimensional spectrum at different angles, and use this limited information to reconstruct the entire spectrum. Projections onto different skew planes are derived by Fourier transformation of signals acquired while the two evolution parameters are incremented simultaneously at different rates. By limiting the amount of data gathering, this offers an appreciable economy of instrument time. Normally two to six different projections suffice, depending on the complexity of the spectra. There is an order-of-magnitude speed advantage over the conventional methodology, where both evolution dimensions must be explored independently. Results are presented for reconstructed HNCA and HN(CO)CA spectra of ubiquitin and the HNCO spectrum of a 187-residue protein HasA. 相似文献
64.
Hypericin in organic solvents displays two types of electronic spectra: one type which shows a distinct solvatochromic effect, the stable form, and the other, the unstable form, which lacks this property. The latter type is formed in dry nonprotic solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, EtOAc) and can be converted to the stable form on addition of protic solvents. In order to establish the tautomeric structure of the unstable form we applied conventional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques as well as two-dimensional gradient-enhanced heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation, gradient-enhanced ROESY and one-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect difference experiments. All these techniques pointed to the fact that the unstable form has the 7,14-diketo tautomeric structure, like the stable form, and not the 1,6-diketo structure. Electronic spectroscopy indicated that the unstable form has acidic properties and therefore possesses two free OH groups at C3 and C4 at the bay region of the molecule. 相似文献
65.
Addition of beta-Ga2O3 to H-ZSM-5, as a physical mixture, enhances the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the methanol to hydrocarbons reaction. 相似文献
66.
Cho S Youn SJ Kim Y DiVenere A Wong GK Freeman AJ Ketterson JB 《Physical review letters》2001,87(12):126403
We have observed an epilayer-thickness-dependent polarity inversion for the growth of CdTe on Sb(Bi)/CdTe(111)B. For films with Sb(Bi) thicknesses of less than 40 A (15 A), the CdTe layer shows a B (Te-terminated) face, but it switches to an A (Cd-terminated) face for thicker layers. On the other hand, a CdTe layer grown on Bi(Sb)/CdTe(111)A always shows the A face regardless of Sb or Bi layer thicknesses. In order to address the observations we have performed ab initio calculations, which suggest that the polarity of a polar material on a nonpolar one results from the binding energy difference between the two possible surface configurations. 相似文献
67.
One Cubic Diophantine Inequality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Suppose that G(x) is a form, or homogeneous polynomial, of odddegree d in s variables, with real coefficients. Schmidt [15]has shown that there exists a positive integer s0(d), whichdepends only on the degree d, so that if s s0(d), then thereis an x Zs\{0} satisfying the inequality |G(x)|<1. (1) In other words, if there are enough variables, in terms of thedegree only, then there is a nontrivial solution to (1). Lets0(d) be the minimum integer with the above property. In thecourse of proving this important result, Schmidt did not explicitlygive upper bounds for s0(d). His methods do indicate how todo so, although not very efficiently. However, in fact muchearlier, Pitman [13] provided explicit bounds in the case whenG is a cubic. We consider a general cubic form F(x) with realcoefficients, in s variables, and look at the inequality |F(x)|<1. (2) Specifically, Pitman showed that if s(1314)2561, (3) then inequality (2) is non-trivially soluble in integers. Wepresent the following improvement of this bound. 相似文献
68.
Ice nucleating-active Pseudomonas fluorescens F264C was fed to Colorado potato beetles to determine bacterial retentioin in the beetle gut and its effect on the cold hardiness of this insect pest. The bacrterium was present in beetles recovered after overwintering in the field, seven months after their exposure to P. fluorescens. Retention was evident not only in the detection of the P. fluorescens ice nucleating gene, inaW, in bacterial cultures from beetle guts but also in the elevated supercooling points of some treated beetles. 相似文献
69.
Kylstra NJ Worthington RA Patel A Knight PL Vazquez De Aldana JR Roso L 《Physical review letters》2000,85(9):1835-1838
An analysis of the influence of the magnetic field of an intense, high-frequency laser pulse on the stabilization of an atomic system is presented. We demonstrate that at relatively modest intensities the magnetic field can significantly alter the dynamics of the system. In particular, a breakdown of stabilization occurs, thereby restricting the intensity regime in which the atom is relatively stable against ionization. Counterpropagating pulses do not negate the detrimental effects of the magnetic field. We compare our quantum mechanical results with classical Monte Carlo simulations. 相似文献
70.
Progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion research at the
laboratory for laser energetics
R. L. McCrory D. D. Meyerhofer S. J. Loucks S. Skupsky R. Betti T. R. Boehly T. J.B. Collins R. S. Craxton J. A. Delettrez D. H. Edgell R. Epstein K. A. Fletcher C. Freeman J. A. Frenje V. Yu. Glebov V. N. Goncharov D. R. Harding I. V. Igumenshchev R. L. Keck J. D. Kilkenny J. P. Knauer C. K. Li J. Marciante J. A. Marozas F. J. Marshall A. V. Maximov P. W. McKenty S. F.B. Morse J. Myatt S. Padalino R. D. Petrasso P. B. Radha S. P. Regan T. C. Sangster F. H. Séguin W. Seka V. A. Smalyuk J. M. Soures C. Stoeckl B. Yaakobi J. D. Zuegel 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2007,44(2):233-238
Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is
expected to demonstrate high gain on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in
the next decade and is a leading candidate for inertial fusion energy
production. The demonstration of high areal densities in hydrodynamically
scaled cryogenic DT or D2 implosions with neutron yields that are a
significant fraction of the “clean” 1-D predictions will validate the
ignition-equivalent direct-drive target performance on the OMEGA laser at
the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE). This paper highlights the
recent experimental and theoretical progress leading toward achieving this
validation in the next few years.
The NIF will initially be configured for X-ray drive and with no beams
placed at the target equator to provide a symmetric irradiation of a
direct-drive capsule. LLE is developing the “polar-direct-drive” (PDD)
approach that repoints beams toward the target equator. Initial 2-D
simulations have shown ignition. A unique “Saturn-like” plastic ring
around the equator refracts the laser light incident near the equator toward
the target, improving the drive uniformity.
LLE is currently constructing the multibeam, 2.6-kJ/beam, petawatt laser
system OMEGA EP. Integrated fast-ignition experiments, combining the OMEGA
EP and OMEGA Laser Systems, will begin in FY08. 相似文献