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51.
Using ab initio calculations, we have studied the influence of optical activation on functionalization reactions of silicon quantum dots with unsaturated hydrocarbons. We find that the energy barrier for the replacement of silicon-hydrogen with silicon-carbon bonds is dramatically reduced if the silicon dot is optically excited. These results provide an explanation for recent experiments on optically excited porous silicon. In addition, our calculations point at the existence of an intermediate spin-polarized state formed by the dot and an alkene or alkyne, upon relaxation after absorbing a photon. This state could be detected experimentally, by, for example, electron spin resonance measurements. Based on the results of our calculations as a function of the dot size, varied from 0.8 to 1.5 nm, we propose that light activated reactions could be used to functionalize and size select silicon quantum dots at the same time. 相似文献
52.
Fernando Lazaro M. Dolores Luque de Castro Miguel Valcarcel 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1988,332(7):809-812
Summary A fast and inexpensive fluorimetric method for the determination of total aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in food of use in screening numerous samples suspectedly containing these substances is proposed. The sensitivity of the method (determination range between 0.5 and 200.0 ng ml–1) allows these analytes to be detected at concentrations well below legal limits; hence, separation-detection techniques such as HPLC need only be used with samples in which these compounds are found to occur. The method has been applied to maize, peanut and tapioca samples, obtaining average recoveries of 100.9 with deviations of ±5% with respect to 100% recovery.
Fluorometrische Bestimmung von Aflatoxinen durch Fließinjektionsanalyse相似文献
53.
Bayó N Jiménez JC Rivas L Nicolás E Albericio F 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(5):1096-1103
An optimized solid-phase strategy for the preparation of the cyclic lipononadepsipeptide [N-Mst(L-Ser1), D-Ser4, L-Thr6, L-Asp8, L-Thr9]syringotoxin is reported. The strategy is based on the use of a mild orthogonal protection scheme and the incorporation of the nonproteinogenic amino acid (Z)-Dhb into the peptide chain as the dipeptide Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-(Z)-Dhb-OH. The didehydrodipeptide was synthesized by a water-soluble carbodiimide-induced beta-elimination of a protected dipeptide containing a residue of Thr with its free hydroxy side chain unprotected. 相似文献
54.
Peña D López F Harutyunyan SR Minnaard AJ Feringa BL 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(16):1836-1837
Highly enantioselective Cu-catalysed 1,4-addition of diphenylzinc to cyclohexenone has been achieved for the first time using a monodentate phosphoramidite ligand. 相似文献
55.
Fernando J. S. Oliveira Francisca P. de França 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2005,122(1-3):581-591
Hexane is a toxic volatile organic compound that is quite abundant in gas emissions from chemical industries and printing
press and painting centers, and it is necessary to treat these airstreams before they discharge into the atmosphere. This
article presents a treatment for hexane-contaminated air in steady-state conditions using an internal-loop airlift bioreactor
inoculated with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Bioprocesses were conducted at 20-mL/min, a load of 1.26 g/m3 of C6H14, and a temperature of 28°C. The results of hexane removal efficiencies were presented as a function of the inoculum size
(approx 0.07 and 0.2 g/L) and cell reuse. Bioprocess monitoring comprises quantification of the biomass, the surface tension
of the medium, and the hexane concentration in the fermentation medium as well as in the inlet and outlet airstreams. The
steady-state results suggest that the variation in inoculum size from 0.07 to 0.2 g/L promotes hexane abatement from the influent
from 65 to 85%, respectively. Total hydrocarbon removal from the waste gas was achieved during experiments conducted using
reused cells at an initial microbial concentration of 0.2 g/L. 相似文献
56.
Corma A Diaz-Cabanas MJ Rey F Nicolopoulus S Boulahya K 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(12):1356-1357
The pore topology of ITQ-15 zeolite consists of an ultra-large 14-ring channel that is intersected perpendicularly by a 12-ring pore; acid sites have been introduced in its framework and this unique structure shows advantages over unidirectional ultralarge pore zeolites for diffusing and reacting large molecules. 相似文献
57.
The effects of different amino acid catalysts and substrate substituents on the stereoselectivity of the title reactions have been studied with the aid of density functional theory methods. Experimental data available in the literature have been compiled. B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations match the general experimental trends and provide useful insights into the origins of the variations in stereoselectivities. Acyclic primary amino acids allow a greater conformational flexibility in the aldol transition states compared with proline. This makes them poorer enantioselective catalysts with triketone substrates with a methyl ketone side chain. The steric repulsion upon substitution at the terminal methyl group increases the energy difference between anti- and syn-chairs with primary amino acid catalysts and, consequently, the stereoselectivities. Proline, in contrast, is a poor catalyst for the latter reactions because the substituent's steric bulkiness raises the activation energy of the favored C-C bond-forming pathway. 相似文献
58.
The Ramanujan Journal - We evaluate the classic sum $$\sum _{n\in {\mathbb {Z}}} e^{-\pi n^2}$$ . The novelty of our approach is that it does not require any prior knowledge about modular forms,... 相似文献
59.
M. Angeles Díaz-Díez Fernando J. García-Barros Francisco J. Higes-Rolando Alvaro Bernalte-García Cristóbal Valenzuela-Calahorro 《Transition Metal Chemistry》1995,20(4):402-405
Summary Complexes of CuII with 2-(benzylamino)-2-deoxy-d-glycero-d-talo heptonic acid (BnMa) and 2-(benzylamino)-2-deoxy-d-glycero-l-gluco heptonic acid (BnGa) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermal data, i.r., electronic and e.s.r. spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and X-ray powder diffraction. The metal:ligand stoichiometry of these complexes is 12 and coordination around CuII seems to be octahedral, with the ligands bound through the N atom of the amino group and O atoms of the bridging carboxylate group. 相似文献
60.
Maria do Carmo Rangel Varela Milton Francisco de Jesus Filho Fernando Galembeck 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,83(1):159-167
Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to follow the aging of ferrihydrite with different amounts of acetate, to achieve more crystalline products. Mössbauer spectra of fresh samples did not show any magnetic components. After two years aging, the solids presented crystalline fractions. Hematite formation was inhibited as acetate content increased in solids. For an acetate/iron molar ratio equal to 0.63 goethite was formed instead of hematite. X-ray diffraction confirmed these results. This work shows that synthetic samples can be used for elucidating the anti-hematitic effect of organic matter already detected in soils. 相似文献