锗元素测定方法综述

锗在国防工业、航空航天和通信等领域中的战略性,锗含量的测定对于保证材料质量和满足国际标准至关重要。本文综述了锗含量测定方法的多种技术,包括分光光度法、原子荧光光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法以及滴定法。在每个检测方法的介绍中,详细探讨了方法的原理、前处理步骤以及应用范围,并分别总结了各个方法的优势和不足。最后,强调了锗含量测定方法的意义,特别是在满足出口监管和促进科学研究方面的作用。同时对锗元素的测定方法进行了展望,为未来的发展提供了参考方向。     

Visible Light-Driven Alkyne-Grafted Ethylene-Bridged Azobenzene Chromophores for Photothermal Utilization

Molecular photoswitches are considered to be important candidates in the field of solar energy storage due to their sensitive and reversible bidirectional optical response. Nevertheless, it is still a daunting challenge to design a molecular photoswitch to improve the low solar spectrum utilization and quantum yields while achieving charging and discharging of heat without solvent assistance. Herein, a series of visible-light-driven ethylene-bridged azobenzene (b-Azo) chromophores with different alkyne substituents which can undergo isomerization reactions promoted in both directions by visible light are reported. Their visible light responsiveness improves their solar spectrum utilization while also having high quantum yields. In addition, as the compounds are liquids, there is no need to dissolve the compounds in order to exploit this switching. The photoisomerization of b-Azo can be adjusted by alkyne-related substituents, and hexyne-substituted b-Azo is able to store and release photothermal energy with a high density of 106.1 J·g⁻¹, and can achieve a temperature increase of 1.8 °C at a low temperature of −1 °C.     

振动噪声等高图的电驱动桥噪声预测及优化*

在项目开发前期通过优化电驱动桥扭矩特性的设计,可以规避噪声大问题。根据电驱动桥台架在对应扭矩下的振动噪声特性,提出了一套稳定高效的测试流程和分析方法。首先设计了一套完整的试验流程,制定了精准的数据分析方法。然后绘制出能够全面反映电驱动桥振动噪声特性的等高图。最后利用电驱动桥台架的振动噪声等高图,准确评估电驱动桥加速工况下振动噪声风险,为主机厂和电驱动桥零部件企业提供电驱动桥扭矩特性设计前期指导。利用该方法成功识别到某电驱动桥匀速及加速工况下电机及齿轮的啸叫问题。通过优化电驱动桥扭矩特性设计,电机48阶噪声峰值降低了8.5dB(A),确认该方法准确可靠,具备推广应用价值。     

PTC: Full and Drift Particle Orbit Tracing Code for α Particles in Tokamak Plasmas

Fusion born α particle confinement is one of the most important issues in burning plasmas,such as ITER and CFETR.However,it is extremely complex due to the nonequilibrium characteristics,and multiple temporal and spatial scales coupling with background plasma.A numerical code using particle orbit tracing method(PTC)has been developed to study energetic particle confinement in tokamak plasmas.Both full orbit and drift orbit solvers are implemented to analyze the Larmor radius effects on α particle confinement.The elastic collisions between alpha particles and thermal plasma are calculated by a Monte Carlo method.A triangle mesh in poloidal section is generated for electromagnetic fields expression.Benchmark between PTC and ORBIT has been accomplished for verification.For CFETR burning plasmas,PTC code is used for α particle source and slowing down process calculation in 2D equilibrium.In future work,3D field like toroidal field ripples,Alfven and magnetohydrodynamics instabilities perturbation inducing α particle transport will be analyzed.     

Amphotericin B and Curcumin Co-Loaded Porous Microparticles as a Sustained Release System against Candida albicans

Amphotericin B (AMB) is an antifungal drug used for serious fungal infections. However, AMB has adverse reactions such as nephrotoxicity, which limit the clinical application of AMB alone or in combination with other antifungal drugs. Nano or micro drug delivery systems (DDS) have been proven to be effective in reducing the toxic and side effects of drugs. Further, the combination of AMB with other compounds with antifungal activity, such as curcumin (CM), may enhance the synergistic effects. Herein, AMB and CM were co-loaded into porous poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) to prepare AMB/CM-PLGA MPs. The AMB/CM-PLGA MPs showed a remarkably reduced hemolysis (62.2 ± 0.6%) compared to AMB (80.9 ± 1.1%). The nephrotoxicity of AMB/CM-PLGA MPs is significantly lower than that of AMB. In vitro, AMB/CM-PLGA MPs had better inhibitory effects on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans compared with AMB. Experiments on mice infected with C. albicans showed that AMB/CM-PLGA MPs have a better therapeutic effect than AMB in vivo. In summary, AMB/CM-PLGA MPs may be a novel and promising therapeutic candidate for fungal infection.     

Characterization of Roasting Time on Sensory Quality,Color, Taste,and Nonvolatile Compounds of Yuan An Yellow Tea

Roasting is crucial for producing Yuan An yellow tea (YAYT) as it substantially affects sensory quality. However, the effect of roasting time on YAYT flavor quality is not clear. To investigate the effect of roasting time on the sensory qualities, chemical components, odor profiles, and metabolic profile of YAYTs produced with 13 min roasting, 16 min roasting, 19 min roasting, 22 min roasting, and 25 min roasting were determined. The YAYTs roasted for 22 min got higher sensory scores and better chemical qualities, such as the content of gallocatechin (GC), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), free amino acids, solutable sugar, meanwhile the lightness decreased, the hue of tea brew color (b) increased, which meant the tea brew got darker and yellower. YAYTs roasted for 22 min also increased the contents of key odorants, such as benzaldehyde, nonanal, β-cyclocitral, linalool, nerol, α-cedrol, β-ionone, limonene, 2-methylfuran, indole, and longiborneol. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomics identified up to 14 differentially expressed metabolites through pair-wise comparisons, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, sucrose, and critical metabolites, which were the main components corresponding to YAYT roasted for 22 min. In summary, the current results provide scientific guidance for the production of high quality YAYT.     

A MALDI-MS sensing chip prepared by non-covalent assembly for quantitation of acid phosphatase

A novel sensing chip was designed for MALDI-MS quantitation of acid phosphatase(ACP).The ACP sensing chip was constructed through non-covalent interaction of streptavidin and biotin for the assembly of biotinylated peptide substrate on biotinylated polyethylene-glycol(PEG)modified indium-tin oxide(ITO)slide.In the presence of ACP,the peptide substrate was dephosphorylated under acidic condition to generate a new mass signal.The quantitative assay of ACP was achieved with the mass signal ratio of product to the sum of product and left peptide substrate.Under optimal detection conditions,the ratio was linearly correlated with the concentration of ACP in the range of 0.05–12 g/L with a detection limit(LOD)of 0.04 g/L.The designed ACP sensing chip has been used to analyze ACP in complex clinical samples,which exhibited high selectivity,good repeatability,and admirably anti-interference ability.This work further demonstrates the concept of MS sensing and the application of MALDI-MS in quantitative analysis,and provides a convenient method for the quantitation of proteases in clinical diagnosis.     

Investigation on the Peroxidase-like Activity of Vitamin B6 and Its Applications in Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Total Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation

The peroxidase-like activity of vitamin B6 (VB6) was firstly demonstrated by catalyzing the peroxidase chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) at the existence of H₂O₂. The influence of different factors on the catalytic property of VB6, including pH, temperature, VB6 concentration, and incubation time, were investigated. The steady-state kinetic study results indicate that VB6 possesses higher affinity to H₂O₂ than natural horseradish peroxidase and some other peroxidase mimics. Besides, the radical quenching experiment results confirm that hydroxyl radical (•OH) accounts for the catalytic process. Based on the excellent peroxidase-like catalytic activity of VB6, the colorimetric methods for H₂O₂ and gallic acid (GA) detection were developed by measuring the absorbance variance of the catalytic system. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the methods for H₂O₂ and GA determination with good selectivity are 50.0–600.0 μM and 10.0–50.0 μM, respectively. In addition, the developed method was applied in the detection of H₂O₂ in milk samples and evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of different tea infusions. This study may broaden the application prospect of VB6 in environmental and biomedical analysis fields, contribute to profound insight of the physiological functions of VB6, as well as lay foundation for further excavation of small-molecule peroxidase mimics.     

Luminescence interference-free lifetime nanothermometry pinpoints in vivo temperature

Luminescence nanothermometry makes non-invasive and real-time temperature readings possible in living animals. However,the spectral fluctuation in tissues and fluids, as well as the interaction between fluorophores and environment hinders accuracy of the thermometry. Here, we report a luminescence lifetime-based nanothermometry which specifically addresses this problem. A temporal based calibration(lifetime sensing) in the NIR range, an endogenous thermal response as well as a polymer encapsulation evading environmental factors, altogether help to pinpoint temperature in vivo. Thanks to the highly condensed NdYb ions in a well-protected tiny core-shell nanocrystal(overall 11 nm), a temperature sensitivity about 2.07% K~(-1)(with 5% Yb~(3+) doped nanoparticles) and an accuracy of 0.27 K(with 25% Yb~(3+) doped nanoparticles) in biological fluids are achieved.Hopefully, combining thermally activated energy transfer nanothermometer with anti-interference lifetime thermometry would provide a more accurate temperature measurement for biological and preclinical studies.