全文获取类型
收费全文 | 813篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 520篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 22篇 |
数学 | 180篇 |
物理学 | 141篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 39篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 33篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 72篇 |
2011年 | 63篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 41篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 54篇 |
2006年 | 30篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1952年 | 1篇 |
1938年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有864条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Alfonso J. Chirinos-Padrn Petra H. Hernndez Felipe A. Surez 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》1988,20(3-4):237-255
The effect of Cr(III), Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, at trace levels, on the effectiveness of four commercial antioxidant systems, viz. Topanol, Santowhite, Hostanox 03 and Irganox 1425, in polypropylene (PP) films is examined using infra-red and second-order derivative uv spectroscopy. The results show that at these levels the metal ions have a minor effect on the unstabilised polymer. However, the ions can have a beneficial or adverse effect on antioxidant activity, particularly under oven ageing conditions. The observed effect depends on the metal/antioxidant system, and is attributed to an indirect interaction between the components which can delay or accelerate antioxidant decomposition in the polymer. An exception to this behaviour is the metal complex Irganox 1425, which interacts strongly with copper ions in the polymer matrix. The antioxidant is partially transformed by copper ions during the compression moulding stage. The beneficial effect present in some cases is in direct contrast with what has generally been observed in studies using unstabilised polymers. 相似文献
52.
The dielectric properties and loss of Bi1.5ZnSb1.5O7 a poor-semiconducting ceramic were investigated by impedance spectroscopy, in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 13 MHz. Electric measurements were performed from 100 to 700 °C. Pyrochlore type phase was synthesized by the polymeric precursor method. Dense ceramic with 97% of the theoretical density was prepared by sintering via constant heating rate. The dielectric permittivity dependence as a function of frequency and temperature showed a strong dispersion at frequency lower than 10 kHz. The losses exhibit slight dependence with the frequency at low temperatures presenting a strong increase at temperatures higher than 400 °C. A decrease of the loss magnitude occurs with increasing frequency. Relaxation times were extracted using the dielectric functions Z″(ω) and M″(ω). The plots of the relaxation times τZ′ and τM″ as a function of temperature follow the Arrhenius law, where a single slope is observed with activation energy values equal to 1.38 and 1.37 eV, respectively. 相似文献
53.
Jenkinson Oliver; Gonzalez Luis Felipe; Urbanski Mariusz 《Proceedings London Mathematical Society》2003,86(3):755-778
For any non-empty subset I of the natural numbers, let I denotethose numbers in the unit interval whose continued fractiondigits all lie in I. Define the corresponding transfer operator
for , where Re (rß) = I is the abscissa of convergence of the series . When acting on a certain Hilbert space HI, rß, weshow that the operator LI, rß is conjugate to an integraloperator KI, rß. If furthermore rß is real,then KI, rß is selfadjoint, so that LI, rß: HI, rß HI, rß has purely real spectrum.It is proved that LI, rß also has purely real spectrumwhen acting on various Hilbert or Banach spaces of holomorphicfunctions, on the nuclear space C [0, 1], and on the Fréchetspace C [0, 1]. The analytic properties of the map rß LI, rßare investigated. For certain alphabets I of an arithmetic nature(for example, I = primes, I = squares, I an arithmetic progression,I the set of sums of two squares it is shown that rß LI, rß admits an analytic continuation beyond thehalf-plane Re rß > I. 2000 Mathematics SubjectClassification 37D35, 37D20, 30B70. 相似文献
54.
M. Peres A. Cruz S. Pereira M.R. Correia M.J. Soares A. Neves M.C. Carmo T. Monteiro A.S. Pereira M.A. Martins T. Trindade E. Alves S.S. Nobre R.A. Sá Ferreira 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2007,88(1):129-133
Synthetic ZnO nanocrystals have been intentionally doped with Eu3+ ions. Structural analysis performed on the nanocrystals showed wurtzite-ZnO as the only phase present in the samples. Photoluminescence
in emission and excitation modes allows the assignment of the intra-4f6 transitions for the Eu3+ ions. From the analysis of the optical data we are able to demonstrate that multiple Eu-related optical centres are present
in the studied samples. Oxygen vacancies are likely candidates to be responsible for the ion accommodation in the ZnO lattice
and from the photoluminescence excitation data we tentatively assign a trap level at ∼200 meV below the conduction band to
this intrinsic defect.
PACS 78.66.Hf; 78.67.-n; 82.80.Yc 相似文献
55.
56.
Frederico Furtado Victor Ginting Felipe Pereira Michael Presho 《Transport in Porous Media》2011,90(3):927-947
A numerical method used for solving a two-phase flow problem as found in typical oil recovery is investigated in the setting
of physics-based two-level operator splitting. The governing equations involve an elliptic differential equation coupled with
a parabolic convection-dominated equation which poses a severe restriction for obtaining fully implicit numerical solutions.
Furthermore, strong heterogeneity of the porous medium over many length scales adds to the complications for effectively solving
the system. One viable approach is to split the system into three sub-systems: the elliptic, the hyperbolic, and the parabolic
equation, respectively. In doing so, we allow for the use of appropriate numerical discretization for each type of equation
and the careful exchange of information between them. We propose to use the multiscale finite volume element method (MsFVEM)
for the elliptic and parabolic equations, and a nonoscillatory difference scheme for the hyperbolic equation. Performance
of this procedure is confirmed through several numerical experiments. 相似文献
57.
Ronaldo S. Nunes Felipe S. Semaan Alan T. Riga Éder T. G. Cavalheiro 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2009,97(1):349-353
The thermal properties of verapamil hydrochloride (VRP) and its physical association as binary mixtures with some common excipients
were evaluated. Thermogravimetry (TG) was used to determine the thermal mass loss, as well as to study the kinetics of VRP
thermal decomposition, using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model. Based on their frequent use in pharmacy, five different excipients
(microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and talc) were blended
with VRP. Samples were prepared by mixing the analyte and excipients in a proportion of 1:1 (m/m). DSC curves for pure VRP
presented an endothermic event at 143 ± 2 °C (ΔHmelt = 132 ± 4 J g−1), which corresponds to the melting (literature Tm = 143.7 °C, ΔHmelt = 130.6 J g−1). Comparisons among the observed results for each compound and their binary physical mixtures presented no relevant changes.
This suggests no interaction between the drug and excipient. 相似文献
58.
Felipe Avalos‐Belmontes Ivan Zapata‐Gonzalez Luis F. Ramos‐De Valle Roberto Zitzumbo‐Guzman Sergio Alonso‐Romero 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2009,47(19):1906-1915
The composition, the thermal properties, and the kinetics of the thermo‐oxidative degradation of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) were studied as a function of the increasing crystalline fraction, which resulted from the selective extraction of the amorphous part, through digestion by immersion in fuming nitric acid (HNO3) for different periods of time. The chemical and thermodynamic changes in HDPE, brought about by digestion in nitric acid for different periods of time, are discussed. Changes in the chemistry and microstructure of the HDPE, as a function of acid treatment for different periods of time, were studied using infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA), as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These studies were carried out as a function of the extracted amorphous fraction of HDPE samples via digestion in HNO3. These studies showed that in the first stages of the acid chemical attack, the amorphous part first undergoes a chemical modification and then dissolves into the strong acid medium. The total crystalline fraction apparently decreases during the first stages of the chemical attack and then increases as the amorphous part is extracted. TGA results show that as the selective extraction of the amorphous part occurs, there is a displacement of the thermo‐oxidative degradation toward higher temperatures. The kinetics of the thermo‐oxidative degradation as a function of the extraction of the amorphous part was followed according to the Horowitz‐Metzger method, and it was found that as the concentration of the crystalline fraction increases, the activation energy for the thermo‐oxidative degradation increases. SEM studies show that the extraction of the amorphous part does not affect the size of the crystalline lamellar thickness of HDPE. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1906–1915, 2009 相似文献
59.
This is a review of the derivation of the Landauer conductance using the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism and the equations-of-motion (EOM) method. We consider the elastic quantum electronic transport through a multi-lead device and treat the conductor in the mean-field approximation. This is suitable for open quantum dots as well as for several molecular systems where charging effects are negligible. The focus of the presentation is to unveil the technical issues involved in the formalism. We show how the Landauer conductance emerges as a linear term in the current-voltage I-V characteristics and indicate how to go beyond this regime. We address the connection of the NEGF approach to recent developments in molecular transport and discuss the problems that arise when one tries to include interaction effects beyond the mean field. 相似文献
60.
Helio G. Bonacorso Francieli M. Libero Fábio M. Luz Maiara C. Moraes Susiane Cavinatto Felipe S. Stefanello Melissa B. Rodrigues Nilo Zanatta Marcos A.P. Martins 《Tetrahedron letters》2017,58(40):3827-3830
This work reports the synthesis of a series of (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)carbohydrazides (2), which were obtained from 4-trichloroacetyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles (1). Triazoles 1 were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, starting from 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trichloroalk-3-en-2-ones and benzyl azides and easily (15 min) converted to 2 by reaction with hydrazine hydrate (73–82% yield). Carbohydrazides 2 proved to be a versatile building block for constructing a series of fluorinated heterocycles analogous to rufinamide, i.e., 1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, a pyrrole derivative, and a 2-pyrazoline, through [4+1]–, [1+4]–, and [3+2]–cyclocondensation reactions, respectively. Finally, and according to the Lipinski’s rule of five, 2,6-difluorobenzylated 1,2,3-triazoles can be considered as potential candidates for further biological activity assays. 相似文献