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961.
S. A. Kirillov A. Morresi M. Paolantoni P. Sassi 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2007,20(8):568-573
The most obvious consequence of the concept of aromaticity is the common confidence that in aromatic compounds, bond lengths do not alternate and are between typical to the single and double ones. However, in 1994, performing crystal structure investigations of substituted pyridines and their salts, Krygowski and co‐workers have discovered a very surprising angular group induced bond alteration (AGIBA) effect: It appears that some angular substituents, like methoxy or nitrozo groups, can induce bond alternation in aromatic rings. Crystal studies do not allow one to operate with liquids that are more common in organic chemistry. This paper presents the first possible evidence of spectroscopic manifestations of the AGIBA effect. Raman spectra of the liquid toluene are analyzed. It is found that instead of being single, the line corresponding to the ring breathing vibrations is clearly split by 1.0–1.4 cm?1, thus indicating the presence of two (cis‐ and trans‐) AGIBA isomers. The energy difference between these isomers estimated in temperature dependent Raman studies is found equal to 6.68 kJ mol?1. The low‐wavenumber line therefore corresponds to the cis‐AGIBA isomer and the high‐wavenumber line to the trans‐AGIBA isomer stabilized by the AGIBA effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
962.
963.
A. S. Parshin G. A. Aleksandrova S. N. Varnakov S. A. Kushchenkov S. G. Ovchinnikov 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2007,1(4):462-465
The results of studying Fe/Si and Si/Fe layered structures with different thicknesses of the top layer by reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy are presented. A new method is proposed for the estimation of volume fractions of components in binary systems within the framework of the effective dielectric medium model. 相似文献
964.
P. V. Ivannikov N. S. Chekalin P. A. Miroshnikov G. V. Saparin A. A. Altukhov A. V. Shustrov 《Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques》2007,1(4):386-393
Surfaces of natural type-IIa diamond plates used in ionizing-radiation detectors are studied in a scanning electron microscope using techniques of electron-beam-induced conductivity at different bias voltages and real-color cathodoluminescence. 相似文献
965.
Effect of a Shock Pulse on a Floating Ice Sheet 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The vibrations of a viscoelastic plate lying on an elastic liquid base subjected to pulse loading have been studied theoretically and experimentally. The effect of the variable depth of the reservoir, plate thickness, and strain relaxation time on the value of the plate vibration amplitude and the length and curvature of the flexural gravity wave profile are analyzed. Good agreement of theoretical and experimental results is obtained. 相似文献
966.
René Meziat Diego Patiño Pablo Pedregal 《Computational Optimization and Applications》2007,38(1):147-171
We propose an alternative method for computing effectively the solution of non-linear, fixed-terminal-time, optimal control
problems when they are given in Lagrange, Bolza or Mayer forms. This method works well when the nonlinearities in the control
variable can be expressed as polynomials. The essential of this proposal is the transformation of a non-linear, non-convex
optimal control problem into an equivalent optimal control problem with linear and convex structure. The method is based on
global optimization of polynomials by the method of moments. With this method we can determine either the existence or lacking
of minimizers. In addition, we can calculate generalized solutions when the original problem lacks of minimizers. We also
present the numerical schemes to solve several examples arising in science and technology. 相似文献
967.
C.P. Paul P. Ganesh S.K. Mishra P. Bhargava J. Negi A.K. Nath 《Optics & Laser Technology》2007,39(4):800-805
This paper presents an investigation of laser rapid manufacturing (LRM) for Inconel-625 components. LRM is an upcoming rapid manufacturing technology, it is similar to laser cladding at process level with different end applications. In general, laser-cladding technique is used to deposit materials on the substrate either to improve the surface properties or to refurbish the worn out parts, while LRM is capable of near-net shaping the components by layer-by-layer deposition of the material directly from CAD model. In the present study, a high-power continuous wave (CW) CO2 laser system, integrated with a co-axial powder-feeding system and a three-axis workstation were used. The effect of processing parameters during LRM of Inconel-625 was studied and the optimum set of parameters for the maximum deposition rate was established employing Orthogonal L9 array of Taguchi technique. Results indicated that the powder feed rate and the scan speed contributed about 56% and 26%, respectively to the deposition rate, while the influence of laser power was limited to 10% only. Fabricated components were subjected to non-destructive testing (like—ultrasonic testing, dye-penetrant testing), tensile testing, impact testing, metallographic examinations and micro-hardness measurement. The test results revealed defect-free material deposition with improved mechanical strength without sacrificing the ductility. 相似文献
968.
Nikulin S. S. Akatova I. N. Kondrat'eva N. A. 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2003,76(4):652-655
The influence of the charge of a metal cation and the nature of a coagulant on the recovery of butadiene-styrene rubber and properties of rubber stocks and vulcanizates was examined. 相似文献
969.
Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 37–44, May, 1991. 相似文献
970.