Evaluation of new 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-bombesin analogue for prostate cancer imaging

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - In this study, we introduce a new 99mTc-radiolabeled bombesin derivative for imaging of prostate cancer (PC). We used 6-hydrazinonicotinamide...     

Synthetic Receptors with Micromolar Affinity for Chloride in Water

A water-soluble coordination cage was obtained by reaction of Pd(NO₃)₂ with a 1,3-di(pyridin-3-yl)benzene ligand featuring a short PEG chain. The cavity of the metal-organic cage contains one nitrate anion, which is readily replaced by chloride. The apparent association constant for chloride binding in buffered aqueous solution is K_a=1.8(±0.1)×10⁵ M⁻¹. This value is significantly higher than what has been reported for other macrocyclic chloride receptors. The heavier halides Br⁻ and I⁻ compete with binding or self-assembly, but the receptor displays very good selectivity over common anions such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, and sulfate. A further increase of the chloride binding affinity by a factor of 3 was achieved using a fluorinated dipyridyl ligand.     

Copper Complexes with Diazoolefin Ligands and their Photochemical Conversion into Alkenylidene Complexes

Homometallic copper complexes with alkenylidene ligands are discussed as intermediates in catalysis but the isolation of such complexes has remained elusive. Herein, we report the structural characterization of copper complexes with bridging and terminal alkenylidene ligands. The compounds were obtained by irradiation of Cu^I complexes with N-heterocyclic diazoolefin ligands. The complex with a terminal alkenylidene ligand required isolation in a crystalline matrix, and its structural characterization was enabled by in crystallo photolysis at low temperature.     

Surfactant-assisted transport of lead ion through a bulk liquid membrane containing dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6: efficient removal of lead from blood serum and sea water

The selective and efficient surfactant assisted transport of Pb²⁺ ions using a bulk liquid membrane composed of dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6, as a highly selective carrier, in chloroform solution is reported. In the presence of 6.0 × 10^?2 M P₂O₇ ^4? ions and 10^?3 M sodium dodecylsulfate, as suitable stripping agent and membrane/receiving phase interface modifier, respectively, in the receiving phase and 2.4 × 10^?3 M picric acid, as a counter ion in the source phase, the amount of lead transported across the liquid membrane after 5 h is 100.0 ± 1.1. The designed transport system was successfully applied to the removal of lead from sea water and blood serum samples.     

Enhancement of immune response and protection in BALB/c mice immunized with liposomal recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63): The role of bilayer composition

Development of new generation vaccines requires adjuvants to elicit the type and intensity of immune response needed for protection. Liposomes have been shown to be an effective adjuvant formulation. In this study, the role of liposome bilayer composition with different phase transition temperature (T_c) to induce a T helper 1 (Th1) type of immune response and protection against leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice was assessed. Liposome formulations with different bilayer compositions consisting of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC, T_c < 0 °C), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC, T_c 41 °C), or distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC, T_c 54 °C) were prepared. All liposomes were contained rgp63 as a recombinant antigen and used to immunize mice subcutaneously 3 times in 3-week intervals. Evaluation of lesion development and splenic parasite burden after challenge with L. major, evaluation of Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokine (IL-4), and titration of IgG isotypes were carried out to assess the type of generated immune response and extent of protection. The results indicated the generated immune response in mice was influenced by the bilayer composition of liposomes, so that mice immunized with liposomes consisting of EPC induced a Th2 type of immune response while liposome consisting of DPPC or DSPC induced Th1 type of immune response. It seems that liposomes prepared with higher Tm phospholipids are suitable formulation to induce Th1 type of immune response and protection, and so might be used for further investigations to develop an effective vaccine against leishmaniasis.     

Immobilized Vanadium Histidine and Tryptophan Schiff Base Complexes on Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles as Epoxidation Catalyst

In this study, magnetically recoverable vanadium complexs designated as VO(Sal-Tryp)/AmpSCMNPs and VO(Sal-His)/AmpSCMNPs were prepared through immobilization of Schiff bases of histidine or tryptophan with salicylaldehyde on the surface of modified silica coated iron oxide magnetite nanoparticles with (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane as aminopropyl (Amp) spacer followed by complexation with VOSO₄. Characterization was carried out by chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. VO(Sal-Tryp)/AmpSCMNPs and VO(Sal-His)/AmpSCMNP were found to catalyze the epoxidation of allyl alcohols and olefins with tert-butyl hydroperoxide with excellent conversions and selectivities. Investigation of the stability and reusability revealed the heterogeneity character of the catalyst with no desorption during the course of epoxidation reactions. High yields, clean reactions, easily catalyst separation and recyclability of the solid catalyst are some advantages of this method.     

Supported hydrophobic ionic liquid on magnetic nanoparticles as a new sorbent for separation and preconcentration of lead and cadmium in milk and water samples

We have prepared a highly selective and efficient sorbent for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of lead and cadmium ions from milk and water samples. An ionic liquid was deposited on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (IL-MNPs) and used for solid phase extraction of these ions. The IL-MNPs carrying the target metals were then separated from the sample solution by applying an external magnetic field. Lead and cadmium were almost quantitatively retained by the IL-MNPs, and then eluted with nitric acid. The effect of different variables on solid phase extraction was investigated. The calibration curve is linear in the range from 0.3 to 20?ng mL^?1 of Cd(II), and from 5 to 330?ng mL^?1 of Pb(II) in the initial solution. Under optimum conditions, the detection limits are 1.61 and 0.122?μg?L-1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively. Relative standard deviations (n?=?10) were 2.87?% and 1.45?% for 0.05?μg?mL^-1 and 0.2?μg?mL^-1 of Cd (II) and Pb (II) respectively. The preconcentration factor is 200 for both of ions.

Nano- and micro-structure tin (IV) complexes bearing 4-pyridinecarbacylamidophosphate: Sonochemical synthesis,crystal structure,anti-cholinesterase activity,and docking studies

Two di- and triorganotin (IV) complexes, Sn (CH₃)₂Cl₂(4-PCAPh)₂ ( C ₁ ) and Sn(C₆H₅)₃Cl(4-PCAPh) ( C ₂ ); {4-PCAPh = 4-NC₅H₄C(O)NHP(O)(C₆H₁₂N)₂}, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR and IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of C ₁ has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography, which reveals an octahedral geometry surrounding Sn (IV). Both ligands function in an all-trans conformation, with an N-ligated mode for 4-PCAPh. Also, the complexes were prepared at nano- ( Ć ₁ ) and micro-size ( Ć ₂ ) by the sonochemical process. The role of reaction solvent and the concentration of initial reactants on the size and morphology of particles were studied and the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activities and mechanism of complexes C ₁ , C ₂ , Ć ₁ , Ć ₂ and their corresponding ligand ( L ) on cholinesterase (ChE) were evaluated using a modified Ellman's method and Lineweaver-Burk plots. Nanosheet Ć ₁ showed the best activity against AChE and BChE with the IC₅₀ values being 73.08 ± 0.12 μM and 122.48 ± 0.69 μM, respectively, and the mixed-type mechanism. Molecular modeling simulation revealed the binding interaction template for Sn (CH₃)₂Cl₂(4-PCAPh)₂ with the ChE.     

Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents in Developing Microextraction Methods Based on Solidification of Floating Drop: Application to the Trace HPLC/FLD Determination of PAHs

In this work, we evaluated the applicability of hydrophobic carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as environmentally friendly alternatives to common organic solvents in microextraction methods based on solidification of floating drop (SFD). Due to the limited number of solvents that can be used in SFD, the introduction of new solvents can help in the development of these attractive methods. Deep eutectic solvents consisting of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) and carboxylic acids were prepared and used as extraction solvent. They had the desirable characteristics such as low density, suitable freezing point and proper hydrophobicity which make them suitable alternatives to conventional organic solvents for SFD. With the help of the synthesized hydrophobic DESs, a simple, fast, efficient and environmentally friendly microextraction method was developed based on solidification of deep eutectic solvent (SFDES) without using any organic solvent. The proposed organic solvent-less microextraction method based on SFDES was applied in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as model compounds in environmental water samples. By coupling this method with high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection, we achieved low LOD values which is a necessity in the ultra-trace analysis of PAHs in environmental water samples. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity and low limits of detection of 0.7–6.6 ng L^?1 were obtained. The analysis of six PAHs in real water samples gave acceptable relative recoveries ranging from 83 to 117% with 5.4–10.5% intra-day relative standard deviations (RSD) and 4–7.1% interday RSD.

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Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of new sulfanyltetrazole derivatives bearing piperidine dithiocarbamate moiety

A series of new alkyl or aryl sulfanyltetrazole derivatives containing dithiocarbamate moiety (5a–6e) were synthesized. The structures of the compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR spectra, and elemental analysis data. The present study examines the antibacterial potential of novel synthetic sulfanyltetrazole compounds against clinically important gram-positive and -negative strains. The results of screening showed that attachment of dithiocarbamate to sulfanyltetrazole derivatives results in enhancement of antibacterial activity. The compound 6d showed the best activity among the tested compounds. Also, the less polar 2,5-disubstituted sulfanyltetrazole regioisomers showed an increased antibacterial activity compared with the corresponding more polar regioisomers.