Cerium-mediated Free Radicals in Contractile Proteins. EPR and DSC study

The effect of free radicals obtained in hydroxyl and cerium(IV)-nitrilotriacetic acid free radical generating systems on contractile proteins (actin, myosin and their complexes in glycerinated muscle fibres) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and spin trapping electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The analysis of spectra showed that selective attack of thiol groups – Cys-257 and Cys-374 residues of actin, and among others Cys-707 residue of myosin – and random attack of sidechains of the main proteins of muscle tissue produced structural and functional changes, which affected the ATP hydrolysis cycle and very likely the dynamics of actin. The melting curves obtained on protein systems support the view that global conformational changes accompany the local damage of free radicals. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Hartman-Grobman result for retarded functional differential equations with an application to the numerics around hyperbolic equilibria

A weak form of the Hartman-Grobman theorem for retarded functional differential equations around hyperbolic equilibria is presented. Orbits on a center-unstable manifold are compared to orbits on a center-unstable subspace of the linearized equation. The result is applied to obtain a conjugacy between the semidynamical system generated by the functional differential equation and its numerical approximation. A version of the Hartman-Grobman theorem around hyperbolic periodic orbits of functional differential equations is also given.     

New P‐ligands: The aromaticity and reactivity of 2,4,6‐trialkylphenylphospholes

A further member of 2,4,6‐trialkyl‐phenyl‐phos‐pholes, the ditertbutylmethylphenyl derivative ( 1c ) was characterized by Bird index and by the sum of angles at the phosphorus atom to describe the flattening of the P‐pyramid. Both numbers suggested a slight aromaticity. The reaction of arylphospholes with phosphorus tribromide was extended to phosphole 1c leading this occasion, after further steps, to the mixture of 3‐ and 2‐substituted products ( 3c‐1 and 3c‐2 , respectively). A triisopropylphenyl‐2H‐phosphole ( 4 ) formed by sigmatropic rearrangement was utilized in the preparation of new 1‐phosphanorbornene derivatives, such as sulfide 6 and hemi‐oxides 8‐1 and 8‐2 . Further oxidation of the latter species ( 8‐1 and 8‐2 ) led to the decomposition of the dimeric structure ( 11 ). 4 could also be trapped by benzaldehyde to afford the oxaphosphanorbornene ( 10 ) as one diastereomer. Finally, the reversible formation of 2H‐phosphole 4 from 1H‐phosphole 1a at 150°C was proved. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:104–222, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20077     

Frictional coupling between sliding and spinning motion

The tangential motion at the contact of two solid objects is studied. It consists of a sliding and a spinning degree of freedom (no rolling). We show that the friction force and torque are inherently coupled. As a simple test system, a sliding and spinning disk on a horizontal flat surface is considered. We calculate, and also measure, how the disk slows down and find that it always stops its sliding and spinning motion at the same moment. We discuss the impact of this coupling between friction force and torque on the physics of granular materials.     

On the Non-linear Generalization of the Gyarmati Principle and Theorem

The validity of the Gyarmati theorem has been extended to non-linear types of constitutive equations governing dissipative processes which have recently been suggested. It has been proved that by extending the validity of the theorem, the validity of Gyarmati's variational principle of thermodynamics is guaranted for non-linear theories adequate to constitutive equations in question as well. The theory was applied for stationary temperature distribution in a rigid bar.     

Period relations for hyperelliptic riemann surfaces

In this paper, we derive an elementary derivation of the Schottky relation for hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces of genus 4. The relation obtained generalizes immediately to hyperelliptic surfaces of genus greater than 4. The derivation is elementary in the sense that it does not require the Schottky-Jung conjecture. The author is an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow. Research partially supported by NSF GP. 19572