Analytic Hausdorff gaps II: The density zero ideal

We prove two results about the quotient over the asymptotic density zero ideal. First, it is forcing equivalent to % MathType!End!2!1!, where % MathType!End!2!1! is the homogeneous probability measure algebra of characterc. Second, if it has analytic Hausdorff gaps, then they look considerably different from proviously known gaps of this form. Partially supported by NSERC.     

Group invariant solution for a free jet on a hemi-spherical shell

When two circular jets impinge upon each other along the axis of a hemi-spherical shell then a free jet on a hemi-spherical shell is formed. The governing equations are Prandtl’s momentum boundary layer equation and the continuity equation. The conserved quantity is required for the free jet on a hemi-spherical shell. The conserved quantity for the free jet on a hemi-spherical shell is established with the help of a conserved vector. The group invariant solution for the third-order partial differential equation for the stream function is constructed.     

Conservation laws for laminar axisymmetric jet flows with weak swirl

The conservation laws for laminar axisymmetric jet flows with weak swirl are studied here. The multiplier approach is used to derive the conservation laws for the system of three boundary layer equations for the velocity components governing flow in laminar axisymmetric jet flows with weak swirl. Conservation laws for the system of two partial differential equations for the stream function are also derived.     

Design,enantioselective synthesis,and antiviral activities against potato virus Y of axially chiral thiazine derivatives

A series of novel thiazine derivatives featuring axial chirality in both (R) and (S) configurations were successfully synthesized by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 3] annulations, and their potential as anti-plant virus agents against potato virus Y (PVY) was evaluated. Biological activity results demonstrated that most of these chiral thiazine derivatives exhibited significant activities against PVY. Notably, compound (S) -3g displayed a remarkable 58% inactivation effect against PVY at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, slightly surpassing the effectiveness of Ningnanmycin (NNM) at 57%. Additionally, (S) -3g exhibited curative activity of 57%, which is superior to NNM (53%). Molecular docking studies revealed preliminary insights into the distinct biological properties of the two different enantiomers, (R) or (S) -3g against PVY, wherein single enantiomer (S) -3g formed a more stable interaction with PVY-CP, as indicated by its lower binding free energy (−41.18 kcal/mol) compared to (R)- 3g (−36.9 kcal/mol). The findings in this study with a new class of axially chiral thiazine derivatives shall inspire further development of chiral heterocycles as potential drug candidates for the protection of plant virus infections.     

Sub-ppt level voltammetric sensor for Hg2+ detection based on nafion stabilized l-cysteine-capped Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) have received considerable attention due to their distinctive properties when compared to the corresponding monometallic...     

Mass cultivation of various algal species and their evaluation as a potential candidate for lipid production

Microalgae have been proposed as a promising source for biodiesel production. Focusing on algal strains for biodiesel production, efforts should be made to search new strains. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of growth parameters (nutrients, pH, light, aeration and temperature) and the oil percentage of eight algal strains (Chlorella sp., Cladophora sp., Hydrodictylium sp., Oedogonium sp., Oscillatoria sp., Spirogyra sp., Stigeocolonium sp., Ulothrix sp.). Results show that 6.5–7.5 is the optimum pH for the growth of all algal species. Temperature showed a greater variation (25°40°C). Ulothrix sp. gave more biomass productivity and is the most suitable strain for biodiesel production due to higher oil percentage (62%). Least biomass production was observed for Stigeocolonium sp. and least oil content was obtained from Hydrodictylium sp. It was observed that among these eight algal strains for biodiesel production, Ulothrix and Chlorella are the most promising algae species.     

Self-assembly of electroactive thiacrown ruthenium(II) complexes into hydrogen-bonded chain and tape networks

A family of coordination complexes has been synthesized, each comprising a ruthenium(II) center ligated by a thiacrown macrocycle, [9]aneS(3), [12]aneS(4), or [14]aneS(4), and a pair of cis-coordinated ligands, niotinamide (nic), isonicotinamide (isonic), or p-cyanobenzamide (cbza), that provide the complexes with peripherally situated amide groups capable of hydrogen bond formation. The complexes [Ru([9]aneS(3))(nic)(2)Cl]PF(6), 1(PF(6)); [Ru([9]aneS(3)) (isonic)(2)Cl]PF(6), 2(PF(6)); [Ru([12]aneS(4))(nic)(2)](PF(6))(2), 3(PF(6))(2); [Ru([12]aneS(4))(isonic)(2)](PF(6))(2), 4(PF(6))(2); [Ru([12]aneS(4)) (cbza)(2)](PF(6))(2), 5(PF(6))(2); [Ru([14]aneS(4))(nic)(2)](PF(6))(2), 6(PF(6))(2); [Ru([14]aneS(4))(isonic)(2)](PF(6))(2), 7(PF(6))(2); and [Ru([14]aneS(4))(cbza)(2)](PF(6))(2), 8(PF(6))(2) have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. UV/visible spectroscopy shows that each complex exhibits an intense high-energy band (230-255 nm) assigned to a pi-pi* transition and a lower energy band (297-355 nm) assigned to metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions. Electrochemical studies indicate good reversibility for the oxidations of complexes with nic and isonic ligands (|I(a)/I(c)| = 1; DeltaEp < 100 mV), In contrast, complexes 5 and 8, which incorporate cbza ligands, display oxidations that are not fully electrochemically reversible (|I(a)/I(c)| = 1, DeltaEp > or = 100 mV). Metal-based oxidation couples between 1.32 and 1.93 V versus Ag/AgCl can be rationalized in term of the acceptor capabilities of the thiacrown ligands and the amide-bearing ligands, as well as the pi-donor capacity of the chloride ligands in compounds 1 and 2. The potential to use these electroactive metal complexes as building blocks for hydrogen-bonded crystalline materials has been explored. Crystal structures of compounds 1(PF(6)).H(2)O, 1(BF(4)).2H(2)O, 2(PF(6)), 3(PF(6))(2), 6(PF(6))(2)CH(3)NO(2), and 8(PF(6))(2) are reported. Four of the six form amide-amide N-H...O hydrogen bonds leading to networks constructed from amide C(4) chains or tapes containing R(2)(2) (8) hydrogen-bonded rings. The other two, 2(PF(6)) and 8(PF(6)), form networks linked through amide-anion N-H...F hydrogen bonds. The role of counterions and solvent in interrupting or augmenting direct amide-amide network propagation is explored, and the systematic relationship between the hydrogen-bonded networks formed across the series of structures is presented, showing the relationship between chain and tape arrangements and the progression from 1D to 2D networks. The scope for future systematic development of electroactive tectons into network materials is discussed.     

Effectiveness of Darcy-Forchheimer and nonlinear mixed convection aspects in stratified Maxwell nanomaterial flow induced by convectively heated surface

The effect of nonlinear mixed convection in stretched flows of rate-type non-Newtonian materials is described. The formulation is based upon the Maxwell liquid which elaborates thermal relation time characteristics. Nanofluid properties are studied considering thermophoresis and Brownian movement. Thermal radiation, double stratification, convective conditions, and heat generation are incorporated in energy and nanoparticle concentration expressions. A boundary-layer concept is implemented for the simplification of mathematical expressions. The modeled nonlinear problems are computed with an optimal homotopy scheme. Moreover, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as well as the velocity, nanoparticle concentration, and temperature are emphasized. The results show opposite impacts of the Deborah number and the porosity factor on the velocity distribution.     

Trajectory tracking control using velocity observer and disturbances observer for uncertain robot manipulators without tachometers

This paper deals with trajectory tracking control for rigid robot manipulators with model uncertainty and subject to external disturbances. The approach suggested herein does not require velocity measurement, because these robots are not equipped by tachometers for velocity measurement. For this purpose, two observers are proposed. The first is a velocity observer to estimate the missing velocity, and the second one is a disturbance observer to estimate the disturbance. Thereafter, these observers are integrated with the controller. Furthermore, semi-global asymptotic stability conditions of the composite controller consisting of a nonlinear controller, the velocity observer and the disturbance observer are established, and an estimate region of attraction is also given. This proof is based on Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results on two-links manipulator are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the velocity observer based control using disturbance estimation (namely VOBCDE), when the Coulomb and viscous friction is considered as an external disturbance.