Hydromagnetic Carreau Nanoliquid in Frames of Dissipation and Activation Energy

The novel characteristics of magnetic field and entropy generation in mixed convective flow of Carreau fluid towards a stretched surface are investigated.Buongiornio nanoliquid model consists of thermophoresis and Brownian movement aspects is opted for analysis.Energy expression is modeled subject to thermal radiation and viscous dissipation phenomenon.Concentration by zero mass flux condition is implemented.Consideration of chemical reaction and activation energy characterizes the mass transfer mechanism.Total entropy generation rate and Bejan number is formulated.The utilization of transformation variables reduces the PDEs into non-linear ODEs.The obtained nonlinear complex problems are computed numerically through Shooting scheme.The impact of involved variables like local Weissenberg number,magnetic parameter,thermal radiation parameter,Brownian motion parameter,thermophoresis parameter,buoyancy ratio parameter,mixed convection parameter,Prandtl parameter,Eckert number,Schmidt number,non-dimensional activation energy parameter,chemical reaction parameter,Brinkman number,dimensionless concentration ratio variable,diffusive variable and dimensionless temperature ratio variable on velocity,temperature,nanoparticles concentration,entropy generation,Bejan number,surface drag force and heat transfer rate are examined through graphs and tables.     

Thermal catalytic conversion of the used isobutyl isoprene rubber into valuable hydrocarbons

An environment friendly method, thermal catalytic pyrolysis of used isobutyl isoprene rubber was investigated. In this method, the used inner butyl tube rubbers were catalytically pyrolyzed into valuable hydrocarbons and carbon black. In this method, the tube rubber was pyrolyzed both thermally (with out catalyst) and catalytically in a batch reactor under atmospheric pressure. The effect of temperature, the amount of catalyst, and the reaction time on the yields of the pyrolyzed products were investigated. Char yield decreased with increase of pyrolysis temperature while total gas and liquid yields increased. The liquid fraction was obtained with boiling point up to 478 K. At optimum conditions, the liquid product was collected and analyzed for different fuel properties. Typical analysis of the used isobutyl isoprene rubber oil for both the cases of parent and refluxed oil has been performed. Phenols and carbonyls were quantitatively determined by spectrophotometric methods using folin-denis and phenyl hydrazine reagents, respectively. The distillation data showed that ~100% of oil has boiling point <473 K which is the boiling point for 80% of distilled product in commercial kerosene. Its specific gravity, viscosity, freezing point, Cetane number, and diesel index were also within the limits of kerosene.     

Generalized p(x)-elliptic system with nonlinear physical data

This paper considers the following Dirichlet problem of the form \[-\text{div}\,\big(\Phi(Du-\Theta(u)\big)=v(x)+f(x,u)+\text{div}\,\big(g(x,u)\big),\] which corresponds to a diffusion problem with a source $v$ in moving and dissolving substance, the motion is described by $g$ and the dissolution by $f$. By the theory of Young measure we will prove the existence result in variable exponent Sobolev spaces $W^{1,p(x)}_0(\Omega;\R^m)$.     

EPR study of table sugar rod and powder as high dose dosimeters

In order to improve the ease of sample handling, the reproducibility of signal detection and quantification, simple methods of incorporating a homogeneous mixture containing sugar powder (30%) with wax (35%) and rubber (35%) into rods has been adopted. The dose response, the time stability of the free radicals produced in table sugar dosimeters (in both rod and powder form) by gamma radiation and the effect of the temperature during irradiation were studied by EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance). The peak-to-peak height (PPH) measurement of the EPR signal is studied as a function of the absorbed gamma dose in the range 0.1–58 kGy. For the two forms, a linear dependency is found between 0.1 and 26 kGy. At higher doses the EPR signal amplitude continues to grow but non-linear up to 58 kGy. The dependence of temperature during irradiation has been investigated in the temperature range 25–40 °C and the calculated correction coefficients were found (2.7 ± 0.2)% °C^?1 and (1.5 ± 0.3)% °C^?1, respectively, for powder and rod forms. The time stability of the stored sugar samples was investigated for 34 days at room temperature, a rapid decrease of EPR signal was showed immediately after irradiation followed by slowly decrease.     

Von Neumann's Problem and Large Cardinals

It is a well-known problem of Von Neumann to discover whetherthe countable chain condition and weak distributivity of a completeBoolean algebra imply that it carries a strictly positive probabilitymeasure. It was shown recently by Balcar, Jech and Pazák,and by Velikovi, that it is consistent with ZFC, modulo theconsistency of a supercompact cardinal, that every ccc weaklydistributive complete Boolean algebra carries a contiuous strictlypositive submeasure – that is, it is a Maharam algebra.We use some ideas of Gitik and Shelah and implications fromthe inner model theory to show that some large cardinal assumptionsare necessary for this result. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification03E55, 28A60 (primary), 03E75 (secondary).     

Four and more

We isolate several large classes of definable proper forcings and show how they include many partial orderings used in practice.     

Synthesis and surface characterization of alkylthioacetyl-capped self-assembled monolayers on gold surface

A novel alkylthioacetyl-capped hydroxyethyl methacrylate monomer and its corresponding homopolymer have been synthesized and characterized. Direct chemisorption of these moieties have been carried out on gold-coated substrate and found to form a strong surface bonding. The surface coverage and the properties of the resultant self-assembled layers have been investigated by multiple surface characterization techniques (i.e. ellipsometry, GA-FTIR, XPS, AFM, and contact angle measurements). These analyses have all confirmed the occurrence of complete chemisorption reactions with typical n-alkanethiol self-assembled characteristics.