Synthesis and magnetic properties of multilayer Ni/Cu and NiFe/Cu nanowires

Highly ordered composite nanowires with multilayer Ni/Cu and NiFe/Cu have been fabricated by pulsed electrodeposition into nanoporous alumina membrane. The diameter of wires can be easily varied by pore size of alumina, ranging from 30 to 100 nm. The applied potential and the duration of each potential square pulse determine the thickness of the metal layers. The nanowires have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. The MFM images indicate that every ferromagnetic layer separated by Cu layer was present as single isolated domain-like magnet. This technique has potential use in the measurement and application of magnetic nanodevices.     

Generation of red light at 660 nm by frequency doubling a Nd:YAG laser with periodically-poled stoichiometric LiTaO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

High power red light was generated from a periodically-poled stoichiometric LiTaO₃ (PPSLT) by single-pass frequency doubling of a diode-side-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1319 nm. An average power of 2.4 W of the 660 nm red light was obtained at the fundamental power of ∼5.4 W with the conversion efficiency up to 44.4% and with low fluctuation down to 2%. The high efficiency and stability at the red output indicate that it is a practical method to construct a reliable compact red laser. PACS 42.70.Mp; 42.79.Nv; 42.55.Xi     

Numerical analysis for the periodic response of nonsmooth dynamic systems of high-dimension

This paper deals with the numerical solution of high dimensional dynamic systems with nonsmooth characteristics, such as structural elastoplasticity, mechanical clearance and dry friction. As a stable periodic response of the system attracts its transient response, it may be extracted from the transient response somehow. The paper suggests a novel iteration scheme to extrapolate the periodic response from a short time history of its transient response by curve fitting. Compared with the current schemes such as shooting and incremental harmonic balancing, the present scheme makes full use of the information within the transient response and the system characters, then its computation efficiency has increased by an order and the numerical convergence depending on the initial iteration has greatly improved.The subject supported by the Chinese Foundation of Aeronautical Science     

气体放电击穿过程的物理和数值研究

本文对低气压（１０＾－２Ｐａ）热阴极气体放电的击穿过程给出了物理描述和相应的双流体数学型，并发展了一种选择和调整未知初始条件的有效算法，可以通过伴随试射法得到对初始条件十分敏感的非线性两点边值常微分方程组的数值解，从而给出这类气体放电中击穿过程的定量描述。     

A comparison of master equation and Fokker-Planck equation in the thermodynamic limit

The master equation and the Fokker-Planck equation are compared thoroughly in both of the stationary and the time-dependent cases for a one-dimensional system. The comparison includes the master equation without detailed balance.     

Matrix representation of three-dimensional astigmatic resonators

Three-dimensional astigmatic resonators, typical examples of which are the resonators bounded by cylindrical-spherical mirrors and cylindrical-cylindrical mirrors oriented at an arbitrary crossed angle, are investigated in detail by using a complex curvature tensor concept and generalized tensor ABCD law. Computerized numerical calculations illustrate some interesting characteristics of these astigmatic resonators.     

Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and the cracking susceptibility of Fe-based laser-clad layer

The laser cladding of Fe-based alloys on a medium carbon steel substrate was performed using a CO₂ laser and Ar shielding gas that was blown into a molten pool. The microstructure and cracking susceptibility of the laser-clad layers were studied in terms of carbon additions. Results show that the small change of the carbon content in the alloy powders can obviously change the microstructure and properties of the layers. When the carbon content is in the range of 0.3–0.4 wt.%, the decrease of the carbon content in alloy powders will increase the hardness and toughness of the layers simultaneously under the same process parameters. As a result, crack-free coatings with high hardness can be obtained. As the carbon content increases from 0.2 wt.% to 0.4 wt.%, the segregation ratio of chromium increases, while the segregation ratios of nickel, manganese, and silicon first decrease and then increase. At the same time, a new designing principle concerning the composition and microstructure has been put forward, and the principal mechanisms of strengthening and toughening of the layers are fine-grain strengthening and low carbon martensitic phase transformation strengthening.     

求解非对称线性方程组的QMRGCGS方法

1 引言 求解非对称线性方程组Ax=b的双共轭梯度方法(BCG)[3]和它的变形共轭梯度平方方法(CGS)[6]都有典型的不规则收敛行为,后来Freund和Nachtigal提出一种BCG类方法,即拟极小剩余方法(QMR)[7],用来补救BCG方法的收敛性并且产生了光滑的收敛曲线。然而,象BCG方法一样,QMR方法要用到系数矩阵A及其转置A~T与向量的乘积,为了解决这一问题,Freund提出TFQMR方法,此方法具有拟极小剩余性,同时不需用到A~T与向量的乘积。     

Preparation of nanometer MgO by sol-gel auto-combustion

Nanometer MgO was prepared via a sol-gel auto-combustion technique using magnesium nitrate as raw material and citric acid as chelating agent. IR spectra of the dried gel were used to investigate the structure of the precursors. By studying the different TG curves of magnesium citrate gel prepared by different methods, we found that a combustion process occurred and the nitrate ions acted as an oxidant in the combustion process. TEM photographs of synthesized powders from the sol-gel auto-combustion showed that the crystallites were uniform in size. In addition, the XRD pattern of this sample showed that the particle size was 8.9 nm. The BET curves, in turn, showed that the specific surface of the sample was 26.34 m²/g. The mechanism of the frothing process in restraining agglomeration is discussed. __________ Translated from Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science), 2007, (2): 52–57 [译自: 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版)]