Fenton氧化氧氟沙星过程中间产物的鉴定

建立了利用红外色谱辅助高效液相色谱串联质谱鉴定中间产物的方法。Fenton试剂(H2O2和Fe2+的混合溶液)降解氧氟沙星反应中得到的样品,经过高效液相色谱的梯度洗脱将中间产物分离,随后直接进入质谱检测,得到中间产物的分子式;同样经过冷冻干燥的样品,通过红外色谱的辅助确定降解中间产物缺失的官能团,从而得到中间产物的结构。方法适用于中间产物的鉴定,可以有效解决因中间降解产物浓度低,难以分离而无法确定其结构的弊端。     

H6PMo9V3O40/SiO2催化剂催化酚类化合物选择性硝化

为创建洁净高效的酚类化合物硝化工艺,以杂多酸H6PMo9V3O40(PMAV3)为活性组分,硅胶为载体,浸渍法制备了负载型催化剂PMAV3/SiO2,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射谱、N2吸附-脱附法及TG-DSC分析等测试技术对该催化剂的结构及热稳定性进行了表征;考察了该催化剂对多种酚类化合物硝化反应的催化性能。结果显示,该催化剂对多种酚类化合物的硝化反应具有很强的催化活性和区域选择性,产率为83.7%~94.5%,其中苯酚、邻甲酚、邻氯苯酚和邻氟苯酚以邻位硝化产物居多,水杨酸的对位硝化产物占绝对优势;负载催化剂的织构性质与载体相近,但随负载量增加,比表面积逐渐降低;PMAV3/SiO2的热稳定性好于本体PMAV3。催化剂回收容易,重复使用5次,活性基本不变。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定玩具中的致敏性芳香剂

采用气相色谱-质谱联仪(GC-MS),建立了一种能同时检测47种致敏性芳香剂的高通量分析方法。样品在密闭容器中,经乙酸乙酯溶剂超声萃取30 min后,进行离心分离、过滤,滤液采用GC-MS进行定性及定量分析。47种目标分析物的线性范围为5.0~100μg/mL,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999,方法定量限(LOQs)为0.3~20 mg/kg。此外,高、中、低3个浓度加标水平的实验结果表明,方法平均回收率为82.2%~107.9%,且相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~9.9%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定纺织品中可萃取砷

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了纺织品中的可萃取As。采用反应模式以去除40Ar35Cl+离子对测定75As+的干扰,标准工作曲线采用基体匹配的方法减少基体效应的影响。样品采用模拟酸性汗液进行萃取,将萃取液稀释5倍后进行测定,以降低盐分对仪器的影响。方法检出限为6μg/kg,测定低限2μg/kg,在样品中添加0.02~0.2 mg/kg的砷时,回收率97.8%~98.6%,相对标准偏差小于5%。方法满足了检测生态纺织品(婴幼儿产品)的限量要求。     

多官能度噁唑烷的合成及其改性聚氨酯材料

合成了2,2-二甲基-N-羟乙基-1,3-噁唑烷(OX),并以其为结构单元合成了2种多官能度的噁唑烷化合物——丙二酸二-2,2-二甲基-N-羟乙基-1,3-噁唑烷酯(OX1)和1,1,5,5-戊烷端四甲酸四-2,2-二甲基-N-羟乙基-1,3-噁唑烷酯(OX2).采用13C核磁共振谱、质谱、元素分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱对产物结构进行表征,并探索了产物用于单组份湿固化聚氨酯(SPU)体系的潜固化剂性能.研究了固化体系的表观性能、力学性能和热性能.结果表明:纯湿固化SPU发泡且膨胀,拉伸强度为3.2 MPa,断裂伸长率为364%;而SPU-OX2固化体系的拉伸强度达27.2 MPa,是纯SPU固化体系拉伸强度(3.2 MPa)的9倍;SPU-OX2固化体系断裂伸长率达457%,是纯SPU固化体系断裂伸长率(364%)的1.26倍.聚氨酯中加入噁唑烷OX1和OX2为潜固化剂,不仅较好改善了聚氨酯的表观性能,而且增加了聚氨酯预聚体的力学性能和热稳定性.     

A Supercharged Fluorescent Protein as a Versatile Probe for Homogeneous DNA Detection and Methylation Analysis

Supercharged proteins are a new class of functional proteins with exceptional stability and potent ability to deliver bio‐macromolecules into cells. As a proof‐of‐principle, a novel application of supercharged proteins as a versatile biosensing platform for nucleic acid detection and epigenetics analysis is presented. Taking supercharged green fluorescent protein (ScGFP) as the signal reporter, a simple turn‐on homogenous method for DNA detection has been developed based on the polyionic nanoscale complex of ScGFP/DNA and toehold strand displacement. This assay shows high sensitivity and potent ability to detect single‐base mismatch. Furthermore, combined with bisulfite conversion, this ScGFP‐based assay was further applied to analyze site‐specific DNA methylation status of genomic DNA extracted from real human colon carcinoma tissue sample with ultrahigh sensitivity (4 amol methylated DNA).     

CO/C‐H as an Acylating Reagent: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Carbonylative Esterification of Alcohols

A palladium‐catalyzed oxidative carbonylative esterification of a variety of functionalized alcohols under base‐ and ligand‐free conditions has been demonstrated. A CO/olefin combination was utilized as the acylating reagent with O₂ as a benign oxidant. Notably, the scope of the substrate alcohols has been greatly broadened.     

Restraint of the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Nonfouling Zwitterionic Hydrogel

The success of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapies is largely dependent on the ability to maintain the multipotency of cells and control their differentiation. External biochemical and biophysical cues can readily trigger hMSCs to spontaneously differentiate, thus resulting in a rapid decrease in the multipotent cell population and compromising their regenerative capacity. Herein, we demonstrate that nonfouling hydrogels composed of pure poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB) enable hMSCs to retain their stem‐cell phenotype and multipotency, independent of differentiation‐promoting media, cytoskeletal‐manipulation agents, and the stiffness of the hydrogel matrix. Moreover, encapsulated hMSCs can be specifically induced to differentiate down osteogenic or adipogenic pathways by controlling the content of fouling moieties in the PCB hydrogel. This study examines the critical role of nonspecific interactions in stem‐cell differentiation and highlights the importance of materials chemistry in maintaining stem‐cell multipotency and controlling differentiation.     

A Small‐Molecule FRET Reporter for the Real‐Time Visualization of Cell‐Surface Proteolytic Enzyme Functions

Real‐time imaging of cell‐surface‐associated proteolytic enzymes is critical to better understand their performances in both physiological and pathological processes. However, most current approaches are limited by their complexity and poor membrane‐anchoring properties. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a unique small‐molecule fluorescent probe, which combines the principles of passive exogenous membrane insertion and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to image cell‐surface‐localized furin‐like convertase activities. The membrane‐associated furin‐like enzymatic cleavage of the peptide probe leads to an increased fluorescence intensity which was mainly localized on the plasma membrane of the furin‐expressed cells. This small‐molecule fluorescent probe may serve as a unique and reliable reporter for real‐time visualization of endogenous cell‐surfaceassociated proteolytic furin‐like enzyme functions in live cells and tissues using one‐photon and two‐photon microscopy.     

Probing the Anticancer Mechanism of (−)‐Ainsliatrimer A through Diverted Total Synthesis and Bioorthogonal Ligation

Herein, we report an efficient approach for exploring the novel anticancer mechanism of (?)‐ainsliatrimer A, a structurally complex and unique trimeric sesquiterpenoid, through a combined strategy of diverted total synthesis (DTS) and bioorthogonal ligation (TQ ligation), which allowed us to visualize the subcellular localization of this natural product in live cells. Further biochemical studies facilitated by pretarget imaging revealed that PPARγ, a nucleus receptor, was a functional cellular target of ainsliatrimer A. We also confirmed that the anticancer activity of ainsliatrimer A was caused by the activation of PPARγ.