掠夺与归还：西方争议性遗产的伦理困境

殖民地文物归还事件引发的争议揭示了去殖民化进程的困境。“归还”被期待生成新的关系伦理,但其认知与行动都基于以所有权为核心的物权伦理,未能关照殖民主义文物占有的神话学经验,遮蔽了物伦理的政治性与异质性;而将物权伦理作为“普世伦理”正是资本主义全球扩张的结果。维护物权伦理的物的知识巩固了对文物的祛魅与分裂,使文物即便归还,也仍需“神圣”博物馆赋能,有悖于“恢复原状”的假设。以物为主体/物质化的伦理考察有助于突破物权伦理的普世意识,建立起对普遍困境的反身性思考。作为争议性文化遗产的殖民地文物及其归还事件应作为生产性的实践,激发去殖民化的知识反思。     

基因编辑与人的尊严—关于基因技术革命的伦理学思考

生物技术革命所带来的基因编辑技术,使人类充当“上帝”的角色,成为自身的造物主,具有“设计生命”和“人的再造”的能力,但这一技术革命却带来了对人类尊严的存在论根基的严重挑战,引发了最深刻的伦理学新问题。当代自由主义优生学者提出,人类能够以“玩弄上帝”的方式去改变和重新创造人类自身,而这一再创造的存在论后果却是一个悖谬：人类在获得极度自由的同时,却摧毁了人之为人的尊严的根基,从而彻底失去生命存在的自由本性。按照康德的教诲,尊严是人之为人的最高伦理价值,尊严并不仅仅是出于个体自主性的“权利”和“自尊”,而是出于普遍道德自主性之上的“责任”和“敬重”,人的自由本性的道德自律才是人的尊严和崇高所在。后形而上学思想家进一步发展了康德的尊严观点,在他者和公共性维度上提出一种建立在承认、交互性和交往共同体基础之上的新尊严理论。面对生物技术的滥用和人类尊严受到的挑战,伦理学需要保卫和重建尊严概念,在“自由者的共在关系”中寻求尊严的基础和规范性的力量,从开放的“我们”推演出对“未来人”的责任。     

Optimal Conditions for Existence of Vesicles Under Electric Field

Giant vesicles have been of intense interest as the model system for cell membranes. To bring numerous applications of the vesicles into full play, the existence time of the vesicles becomes particularly important. In this work, we explored the existence time of the vesicles in distilled water under four kinds of representative alternative current (AC) electric fields with different energizing time. When the application time of AC electric field reached 1 hour, the existence time of the vesicles reached the maximum value. As the applied electric field time increased, the existence time of the vesicles decreased. Thus, after obtaining the best vesicles on the carbon fiber electrode, disconnecting the external electric field is very necessary. Based on the in situ observation using inverted microscope, the disappearing phenomena of the vesicles were presented. In addition, it is found that vesicles in phosphate buffer solutions (PBSs) can last about 2–3 days when the electric field was applied for 1 hour, which was much longer than that in distilled water.     

Chiral and water‐soluble poly(2‐oxazoline)s

We describe the synthesis and characterization of the first water‐soluble and chiral poly(2,4‐disubstituted‐2‐oxazoline)s. While poly(2,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazoline)s are water soluble up to 100 °C, aqueous solutions of poly(2‐ethyl‐4‐methly‐2‐oxazoline) exhibit a lower critical solution temperature. This is discussed in context with its constitutional isomers poly(2‐oxazoline)s and poly(2‐oxazine)s. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed strong Cotton effects, which are also responsive to temperature in aqueous solution. It is therefore hypothesized that structures, comparable to polyproline helices, are formed in aqueous solution. In contrast to polyproline, poly(2,4‐disubstituted‐2‐oxazoline)s are highly water soluble and therefore represent very interesting pseudo‐polypeptides that may be useful to develop responsive biomimetic biomaterials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Coupled intramolecular/heterointerfacial electron transfer in polyelectrolyte-shielded Iso-type black phosphorus hetero-structure boosts oxygen reduction kinetics

Searching new structured black phosphorus (BP) and exploring intriguing functions and applications have become a hot topic so far.Here,we introduce a novel Iso-...     

Legendre函数加权的声纳宽频带恒定束宽波束特性分析*

为了处理水声信号,声纳阵列通常需要形成宽频带恒定束宽的波束。采用两种阵元加权方法分析二维圆弧形恒定束宽换能器声纳阵列:球面Legendre函数加权方法和柱面Legendre函数加权方法。分别对球面阵、柱面阵和平面阵这三种几何结构的声纳阵列进行分析,并且计算波束宽度和波束方向。结果表明,在宽频带范围内,除了柱面Legendre函数加权的球面阵之外,其余Legendre函数加权的声纳阵列均能利用简单的、不随频率变化的阵元权重和阵元延时,形成恒定束宽的波束,并且具有较小的旁瓣,此外波束方向与预设方向也较为一致。相对于其他恒定束宽波束形成方法,Legendre函数加权方法能利用较低的计算复杂度来实现良好的宽频带恒定束宽的波束特性。     

Experimental and theoretical molecular and electronic structures of the N-oxides of pyridazine,pyrimidine and pyrazine

The structures of pyridazine N-oxide, pyrimidine N-oxide and pyrazine N-oxide have been determined by X-ray diffraction for the first time. Comparison with theoretical predictions of the equilibrium structures using the B3LYP method together with a cc-pVTZ basis set, show close agreement with the structural parameters observed, and experimental dipole moments, which suggests that the charge distribution is realistic. An ‘atoms in molecules’ (AIM) analysis of the computed wave-functions shows total electron densities rather different from the classical picture of a dative bond, whereas the same wave-functions subjected to Mulliken analysis show a more conventional view of the electron distribution. This latter procedure allows a bond dipole analysis of the N-oxide charge distribution.     

Development of a test strip based on DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles for rapid detection of mercury(II) ions

A rapid,sensitive,selective and reliable strip assay based on DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles for Hg²⁺ detection has been developed,with a detection limit 5 nmol/L.The measurement principle was based on thymine-Hg²⁺-thymine(T-Hg²⁺-T) coordination chemistry and streptavidin-biotin interaction.The major advantages of this assay are that results can be read visually without any instrument in less than 10 min and that it does not require any sample pretreatment.