Aspects of the transpiration model for aerofoil design

Transpiration is a technique in which extra non-physical normal flows are created on an aerofoil surface in order to form a new streamline pattern such that the surface streamlines no longer follow the aerofoil surface under inviscid flow. The transpiration model is an important technique adopted in aerofoil design either to avoid mesh regeneration when aerofoil profile co-ordinates are adjusted or to find shape corrections in inverse design methods. A first-order approximation (with respect to the normal streamline displacement) to the transpiration model is commonly adopted; it is shown that this can be a poor approximation especially in regions of high curvature. In this paper more accurate approximations are developed to address this problem and improve the accuracy.     

Multicommuted fluorometric multiparameter sensor for simultaneous determination of naproxen and salicylic acid in biological fluids.

A combined approach based on solid-phase optosensing and multicommutation principles has been applied to develop a method for the simultaneous analysis of two pharmaceuticals (naproxen and salicylic acid) in biological fluids. The multicommuted flow-through optosensor was based on direct native fluorescence measurements of both analgesics using a non-polar sorbent (C18 silica gel) as a solid sensing zone. The flow system was controlled by Java-written home-made software and designed using three-way solenoid valves for an independent automated manipulation of sample and carrier solutions. Using an optimized sampling time, the method was calibrated in the range of 1 - 25 and 5 - 200 ng mL(-1). The obtained detection limits were 0.3 and 1.3 ng mL(-1) for naproxen and salicylic acid, respectively, with RSD (%) values of better than 2% for both analytes. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to urine, serum and pharmaceutical preparations. Recovery percentages ranging from 96.1 to 104% were obtained for both analytes.     

Particle Breakup in Shock Waves Studies by single Particle Light Scattering

The breakup of suspended, agglomerated submicron particles was studied by exposing the aerosol to weak shock waves of varying strength under conditions 400 ms^?1?v?880 ms^?1. A newly developed laser light-scattering diagnostic employing a top hat laser profile was used to size the particles passing through a very small scattering volume. By Comparing the optically measured particle size in front of and behind shock waves, the breakup of agglomerated particles could be clearly identified. The experiments indicate that the aerodynamic forces behind an incident shock overcome the particle binding force resulting in disintegration of the submicron agglomerates. The results are presented in form of a modified Weber number.     

Band structures in73Se

Excited states of⁷³Se have been investigated up to spin, 21/2 using techniques of in-beamγ-ray spectroscopy in connection with the⁷⁰Ge(α, n) reaction. Mean lifetimes of 12 levels have been determined applying Doppler-shift andγ-RF-methods. Five different bands have been identified that reflect a variety of different excitation modes. The decoupled 9/2⁺ band is likely to correspond to an oblate deformation while the 5/2⁺ band is interpreted as a strongly coupled prolate band built on the Nilsson configuration [422] 5/2⁺. The 3/2^? band is a strongly coupled band built on the [301] 3/2^} configuration.Nuclear reactions:⁷⁰Ge(α,n),E=14, 16, 18, 19, 20MeV; measuredE _γ,I _γ,σ(E _γ,θ),γγ-coin, linear polarization, DSA,γ(t).⁷⁵Se deduced levels,I, π, τ, δ(E2/M1), B(σλ). Enriched targets, Ge detectors.     

Validation of a solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for doxazosin.

The determination of doxazosin by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection is described. Propanolol was used as the internal standard. Plasma samples were treated with methanol to precipitate the proteins. Doxazosin was isolated with C18 reversed-phase extraction columns. The determination limit is 1 ng/ml of plasma, while the extraction columns can be reused frequently. The method is applied to clinical trial samples.     

Electron Energy Distribution Functions in CO2 Laser Mixture: The Effects of Second Kind Collisions from Metastable Electronic States

Electron energy distribution functions (eedf) in CO₂ laser discharge (He—CO₂—N₂—CO mixture) have been calculated by solving the Boltzmann equation in the presence of given concentrations of excited (vibrational and electronic) states. The results show a well structured eedf as a result of second kind collisions coming from metastable electronic states of N₂ and He as well as a strong dependence of rate coefficients for CO₂ dissociation and for the ionization of the different species.