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991.
One of the shortcomings of R&D evaluation is a lack of emphasis on analytical assessment of the value of an on-going R&D project. This paper addresses the problem concerning the distributive aspect of access to superior knowledge. Decision tree analysis and probability models appear to be appropriate tools for assessing the values of an intermediate result and patent reward of a firm's R&D decision in an environment of perfect information and oligopolistic competition. The assessed values are used as minimum prices acceptable to the firm when the knowledge is disseminated to the public. This paper will attempt to resolve this problem through the determination of the appropriate values of the reservation price of the first-stage invention in terms of the final reward and of a patent reward for which the inventor is willing to apply. 相似文献
992.
We present a pole expansion for the propagators in the framework of normalized quantum electrodynamics and compare it with the more canonical results from S-matrix theory. 相似文献
993.
A radioactive tracer technique is described for the quantitative measurement of the sputtering yield of a target material electroplated on a copper substrate. Sputtering yields of chromium by argon and xenon ions with energies from 50 to 500 eV are reported. The ion beams, having a current density ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mA/cm2 at an operating pressure of 2×10–5 Torr, were produced by a low-energy ion gun. The sputtered atoms were collected on an aluminum foil surrounding the target. 51Cr was used as the tracer isotope. The results indicate that the radioactive tracer technique is sensitive enough in measuring the extremely small amount of sputtered material at low ion currents and low ion energies. 相似文献
994.
M. N. Davies 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1994,45(12):1363-1373
For the last ten years or so, developments in simulation software and methodology have been focused in two areas: (1) automating the model-building process; and (2) interfacing with other techniques and systems. That both academic and commercial research continues to be carried out in these areas is evidence of the continued popularity of the simulation technique. The most popular application areas where simulation modelling is used include manufacturing (engineering and process), warehousing and communications; not surprisingly, research and developments have therefore been concentrated in these areas. This paper describes the development of a simulation model generator for a different application area, that of clerical office processing of paper and documents for financial service companies. It outlines the reasons why there is a need for such a model generator and discusses the initial design requirements. The paper goes on to detail the developments and re-defined criteria required as the model generator brief changes as a result of practical applications. 相似文献
995.
Baumgarten N. Jung H. Mehlhorn K. 《Journal of Algorithms in Cognition, Informatics and Logic》1994,17(3)
The dynamic planar point location problem is the task of maintaining a dynamic set S of n nonintersecting (except possibly at endpoints) line segments in the plane under the following operations:
- • Locate (: point): Report the segment immediately above , i.e., the first segment intersected by an upward vertical ray starting at ;
- • Insert (: segment): Add segment to the collection of segments;
- • Delete (: segment): Remove segment from the collection of segments.
996.
Ho K. I. J. Leung J. Y. T. Wei W. D. 《Journal of Algorithms in Cognition, Informatics and Logic》1994,16(3)
We consider the problem of preemptively scheduling a set of imprecise computation tasks on m ≥ 1 identical processors, with each task Ti having two weights, wi and w′i. Two performance metrics are considered: (1) the maximum w′-weighted error; (2) the total w-weighted error subject to the constraint that the maximum w′-weighted error is minimized. For the problem of minimizing the maximum w′-weighted error, we give an algorithm which runs in O(n3 log2n) time for multiprocessors and O(n2) time for a single processor. For the problem of minimizing the total w-weighted error subject to the constraint that the maximum w′-weighted error is minimized, we give an algorithm which also has the same time complexity. 相似文献
997.
John L. Wood Johannes Schwarzenberg Edward F. Zganjar Dubravka Rupnik 《Hyperfine Interactions》1992,75(1-4):51-58
State-of-the-art spectroscopy of nuclei far from stability has achieved an extraordinary level of sophistication and detail
in the last ten years. In principle, if a state can be populated, it can be characterized by its energy, spin, parity, and
major decay paths. Sometimes its lifetime can be measured. In practice, one is confronted with enormous complexity. To convert
raw spectroscopic data into nuclear structure data involves a complex process of disentangling gamma rays and conversion electrons
into decay schemes. Specifically, coincidence techniques, especially coincidence intensities, play a crucial role in this
process. Recent examples and methods from work done at UNISOR are presented. 相似文献
998.
A. R. Kuznetsov S. G. Lunter S. I. Nikitina A. G. Plyukhin Yu. K. Fedorov 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》1992,56(1):68-72
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 90–95, January, 1992. 相似文献
999.
M.-K. Chen 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,21(1):13-18
We examine the influence of relativistic and QED effects on the existence of the 1,3P
o
H- resonances between n
= 2 and 3 hydrogen thresholds, the relativistic and QED corrections and the coupling effects between the high singlet and triplet
states are considered as first-order perturbations. We firstly obtain accurate non-relativistic resonant energies and widths
of fifteen 1P
o
resonances, and fifteen 3P
o
resonances. The fifteen 1P
o
resonances are classified to be
3
(2, 0)
-
n
( 4 ?
n
? 12) and
3
(1, 1)
+
n
( 3 ?
n
? 8). The fifteen 3P
o
resonances are classified to be
3
(2, 0)
+
n
( 3 ?
n
? 12) and
3
(1, 1)
-
n
( 4 ?
n
? 8). We found there exist six Feshbach resonances for
3
(2, 0)
-
n
(1P
o
) series, four Feshbach resonances for
3
(1, 1)
+
n
(1P
o
) series, seven Feshbach resonances for
3
(2, 0)
+
n
(3P
o
) series, and three Feshbach resonances for
3
(1, 1)
-
n
(1P
o
) series.
Received 22 February 2002 Published online 24 September 2002 相似文献
1000.
Ralf Jäger Anatolij I. Saprykin J. Sabine Becker Hans -Joachim Dietze José A. C. Broekaert 《Mikrochimica acta》1997,125(1-4):41-44
The analytical capabilities of a high-resolution mass spectrometer in combination with a 13.56 MHz glow discharge ion source for the analysis of semiconducting materials (silicon carbide and gallium arsenide) were studied. It was shown that single positively charged ions of sample material have about 10 eV higher average energy than the ions of the discharge and residual gas. Therefore effective energy separation of the ions of analyte from the ions of the discharge and residual gas was achieved by adjusting the ion transfer optics (breadth and position of energy slit), which improves the analytical capabilities of the developed method.Some analytical applications are presented to illustrate the performance of r.f. GDMS for the bulk analysis of semiconducting materials. The results of the trace element analysis of gallium arsenide and silicon carbide samples are compared with data of independent methods (LIMS, ICP-AES, SIMS).Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthdayOn leave from the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 相似文献