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We analyze various processes where particles are added irreversibly and sequentially at the sites of infinite ladders or broader strips (i.e., on terraces) of adsorption sites. For sufficiently narrow strips or ladders, exact solution in closed form is possible for a variety of processes. Often this is most naturally achieved by mapping the process onto an equivalent one-dimensional process typically involvingcompetitive adsorption. We demonstrate this procedure for sequential adsorption with nearest-neighbor exclusion on a 2× square ladder. For other select processes on strips slightly too broad for exact solution, almost exact analysis is possible exploiting an empty-site shielding property. In this way, we determine a jamming coverage of 0.91556671 for random sequential adsorption of dimers on a 2× square ladder. For broader strips, we note that the complexity of these problems quickly approaches that for × lattices. 相似文献
127.
In the course of comparing the reaction chemistry of (C5Me5)3U, 1, and its slightly less crowded analogue (C5Me4H)3U, 2, new syntheses of UI3, (C5Me4H)3U, (C5Me4H)3UCl, 3, and (C5Me5)3UCl, 4, have been developed. Additionally, (C5Me4H)3UI, 5, and (C5Me4H)2UCl2, 6, have been identified for the first time. A facile synthesis of unsolvated UI3 is reported that proceeds in high yield with inexpensive equipment from iodine and hot uranium turnings. Both UI3 and UI3(THF)4 react with KC5Me4H in toluene to make unsolvated (C5Me4H)3U in higher yield than in previous reports that involve reduction of tetravalent (C5Me4H)3UCl, 3. A more atom-efficient synthesis of complex 3 is also reported that proceeds from reduction of t-BuCl, PhCl, or HgCl2 by 2. Similarly, (C5Me4H)3U reacts with PhI or HgI2 to generate (C5Me4H)3UI. These studies also provided a basis to improve the synthesis of (C5Me5)3UCl from 1 by employing t-BuCl or HgCl2 as the halide source. Like (C5Me5)3UCl, the (C5Me4H)3UCl complex reacts with HgCl2 to form (C5Me4H)2 and (C5Me4H)2UCl2, 6, but unlike (C5Me5)3UX (X = Cl or I), the less substituted (C5Me4H)3UX complexes do not reduce t-BuCl or PhX. The synthesis of 6 from (C5Me4H)MgCl x THF and UCl4 is also included. 相似文献
128.
T. A. Mykhaylyk N. L. Dmitruk S. D. Evans I. W. Hamley J. R. Henderson 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2007,39(7):575-581
Ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the film thickness and the surface roughness of both ‘soft’ and solid thin films. ‘Soft’ polymer thin films of polystyrene and poly(styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene) block copolymer were prepared by spin‐coating onto planar silicon wafers. Ellipsometric parameters were fitted by the Cauchy approach using a two‐layer model with planar boundaries between the layers. The smooth surfaces of the prepared polymer films were confirmed by AFM. There is good agreement between AFM and ellipsometry in the 80–130 nm thickness range. Semiconductor surfaces (Si) obtained by anisotropic chemical etching were investigated as an example of a randomly rough surface. To define roughness parameters by ellipsometry, the top rough layers were treated as thin films according to the Bruggeman effective medium approximation (BEMA). Surface roughness values measured by AFM and ellipsometry show the same tendency of increasing roughness with increased etching time, although AFM results depend on the used window size. The combined use of both methods appears to offer the most comprehensive route to quantitative surface roughness characterisation of solid films. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
129.
Wang Q Barclay JE Blake AJ Davies ES Evans DJ Marr AC McInnes EJ McMaster J Wilson C Schröder M 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2004,10(14):3384-3396
A novel [NiS4Fe2(CO)6]cluster (1: 'S(4)'=(CH(3)C(6)H(3)S(2))(2)(CH(2))(3)) has been synthesised, structurally characterised and has been shown to undergo a chemically reversible reduction process at -1.31 V versus Fc(+)/Fc to generate the EPR-active monoanion 1(-). Multifrequency Q-, X- and S-band EPR spectra of (61)Ni-enriched 1(-) show a well-resolved quartet hyperfine splitting in the low-field region due to the interaction with a single (61)Ni (I=3/2) nucleus. Simulations of the EPR spectra require the introduction of a single angle of non-coincidence between g(1) and A(1), and g(3) and A(3) to reproduce all of the features in the S- and X-band spectra. This behaviour provides a rare example of the detection and measurement of non-coincidence effects from frozen-solution EPR spectra without the need for single-crystal measurements, and in which the S-band experiment is sensitive to the non-coincidence. An analysis of the EPR spectra of 1(-) reveals a 24 % Ni contribution to the SOMO in 1(-), supporting a delocalisation of the spin-density across the NiFe(2) cluster. This observation is supported by IR spectroscopic results which show that the CO stretching frequencies, nu(CO), shift to lower frequency by about 70 cm(-1) when 1 is reduced to 1(-). Density functional calculations provide a framework for the interpretation of the spectroscopic properties of 1(-) and suggest that the SOMO is delocalised over the whole cluster, but with little S-centre participation. This electronic structure contrasts with that of the Ni-A, -B, -C and -L forms of [NiFe] hydrogenase in which there is considerable S participation in the SOMO. 相似文献
130.
Gluconacetobacter spp. synthesize a pure form of hydrophilic cellulose that has several industrial specialty applications. Literature reports
have concentrated on intensive investigation of static and agitated culture in liquid media containing high nutrient concentrations
optimized for maximal cellulose production rates. The behavior of these bacteria on semisolid and solid surfaces has not been
specifically addressed. The species Gluconacetobacter hansenii was examined for cellulose synthesis and colony morphology on a range of solid supports, including cotton linters, and on
media thickened with agar, methyl cellulose, or gellan. The concentration and chemical structure of the thickening agent were
found to be directly related to the formation of contiguous cellulose pellicules. Viability of the bacteria following freezer
storage was improved when the bacteria were frozen in their cellulose pellicules.
This article was authored by a contractor of the US government under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US government
retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others
to do so, for US government purposes. 相似文献