Matrix Representation of the Stationary Measure for the Multispecies TASEP

In this work we construct the stationary measure of the N species totally asymmetric simple exclusion process in a matrix product formulation. We make the connection between the matrix product formulation and the queueing theory picture of Ferrari and Martin. In particular, in the standard representation, the matrices act on the space of queue lengths. For N>2 the matrices in fact become tensor products of elements of quadratic algebras. This enables us to give a purely algebraic proof of the stationary measure which we present for N=3.     

A Generally Covariant Wave Equation for Grand Unified Field Theory

A generally covariant wave equation is derived geometrically for grand unified field theory. The equation states most generally that the covariant d'Alembertian acting on the vielbein vanishes for the four fields which are thought to exist in nature: gravitation, electromagnetism, weak field and strong field. The various known field equations are derived from the wave equation when the vielbein is the eigenfunction. When the wave equation is applied to gravitation the wave equation is the eigenequation of wave mechanics corresponding to Einstein's field equation in classical mechanics, the vielbein eigenfunction playing the role of the quantized gravitational field. The three Newton laws, Newton's law of universal gravitation, and the Poisson equation are recovered in the classical and nonrelativistic, weak-field limits of the quantized gravitational field. The single particle wave-equation and Klein-Gordon equations are recovered in the relativistic, weak-field limit of the wave equation when scalar components are considered of the vielbein eigenfunction of the quantized gravitational field. The Schrödinger equation is recovered in the non-relativistec, weak-field limit of the Klein-Gordon equation). The Dirac equation is recovered in this weak-field limit of the quantized gravitational field (the nonrelativistic limit of the relativistic, quantezed gravitational field when the vielbein plays the role of the spinor. The wave and field equations of O(3) electrodynamics are recovered when the vielbein becomes the relativistic dreibein (triad) eigenfunction whose three orthonormal space indices become identified with the three complex circular indices (1), (2), (3), and whose four spacetime indices are the indices of non-Euclidean spacetime (the base manifold). This dreibein is the potential dreibein of the O(3) electromagnetic field (an electromagnetic potential four-vector for each index (1), (2), (3)). The wave equation of the parity violating weak field is recovered when the orthonormal space indices of the relativistic dreibein eigenfunction are identified with the indices of the three massive weak field bosons. The wave equation of the strong field is recovered when the orthonormal space indices of the relativistic vielbein eigenfunction become the eight indices defined by the group generators of the SU (3) group.     

Measurement of the total active 8B solar neutrino flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with enhanced neutral current sensitivity

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory has precisely determined the total active (nu(x)) 8B solar neutrino flux without assumptions about the energy dependence of the nu(e) survival probability. The measurements were made with dissolved NaCl in heavy water to enhance the sensitivity and signature for neutral-current interactions. The flux is found to be 5.21 +/- 0.27(stat)+/-0.38(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of these and other solar and reactor neutrino results yields Deltam(2)=7.1(+1.2)(-0.6) x 10(-5) eV(2) and theta=32.5(+2.4)(-2.3) degrees. Maximal mixing is rejected at the equivalent of 5.4 standard deviations.     

Condensation in a capped capillary is a continuous critical phenomenon

We show that condensation in a capped capillary slit is a continuous interfacial critical phenomenon, related intimately to several other surface phase transitions. In three dimensions, the adsorption and desorption branches correspond to the unbinding of the meniscus from the cap and opening, respectively, and are equivalent to 2D-like complete-wetting transitions. For dispersion forces, the singularities on the two branches are distinct, owing to the different interplay of geometry and intermolecular forces. In two dimensions we establish precise connection, or covariance, with 2D critical-wetting and wedge-filling transitions: i.e., we establish that certain interfacial properties in very different geometries are identical. Our predictions of universal scaling and covariance in finite capillaries are supported by extensive Ising model simulation studies in two and three dimensions.     

转动分辨的H2+ (X2Σ+g , v+=0-18)真空紫外脉冲场电离光电子谱

测量了氢气离子转动分辨的真空紫外脉冲场电离光电子谱．涵盖了15.30?18.09 eV能量范围内的H2+(X2§+g , v+=0?18,N+=0?5)?H2(X1§+g , v00=0, J00=0?4)的电离跃迁． 通过基于Buckingham-Orr-Sichel(BOS)模型的光谱拟合和对氢气离子振动带H2+(X2§+g ,v+=0?18)的转动光谱的分析, 发现实验上只观察到对应于￠N=N+-J00=0,§2的转动跃迁． 振动量子数v+ 越高，￠N=0的转动跃迁越占主导地位， 而转动谱线强度受邻     

Isosteres of peptides: boron analogs as dipolar forms of α‐amino acids – a theoretical study

Modification of peptides to produce peptidomimetics is of great interest, with the aim of designing potent, selective, and metabolically stable analogs having certain conformational properties. Organoboranes have been reported in the literature with a wide range of therapeutic applications. One of the therapeutically important class of molecules is amine‐carboxyboranes derived from amino acids by replacement of the Cα atom of an amino acid/peptide by boron. The conformational preferences of these peptides, with respect to backbone ω, ?, and ψ torsion angles, have been investigated by theoretical calculations. The amide bond in these molecules has the same geometry in the ground and transition states as the natural peptides. However, the boron isosteres of glycine and alanine peptides are less structured than their natural derivatives, but are distinguished by structures with a positive value for the ? angle, which is normally disfavored for natural peptides. This property could be used to build peptides with a geometry not usually seen in natural peptides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Brillouin scattering of light by spin waves in ferromagnetic nanorods

We report the investigations of spin wave modes of arrays of Ni and Co nanorods using Brillouin light scattering. We have revealed the significant influence of spin wave modes along the nanorod axis in contrast to infinite magnetic nanowires. Unusual optical properties featuring an inverted Stokes/anti-Stokes asymmetry of the Brillouin scattering spectra have been observed. The spectrum of spin wave modes in the nanorod array has been calculated and compared with the experiment. Experimental observations are explained in terms of a combined numerical–analytical approach taking into account both the low aspect ratio of individual magnetic nanorods and dipolar magnetic coupling between the nanorods in the array. The optical studies of spin-wave modes in nanorod metamaterials with low aspect ratio nanorods have revealed new magnetic and magneto-optical properties compared to continuous magnetic films or infinite magnetic nanowires. Such magnetic artificial materials are important class of active metamaterials needed for prospective data storage and signal processing applications.     

Effect of relativistic plasma on extreme-ultraviolet harmonic emission from intense laser-matter interactions

Experiments were performed in which intense laser pulses (up to 9x10(19) W/cm(2)) were used to irradiate very thin (submicron) mass-limited aluminum foil targets. Such interactions generated high-order harmonic radiation (greater than the 25th order) which was detected at the rear of the target and which was significantly broadened, modulated, and depolarized because of passage through the dense relativistic plasma. The spectral modifications are shown to be due to the laser absorption into hot electrons and the subsequent sharply increasing relativistic electron component within the dense plasma.     

Kinetics of facile bilayer island formation at low temperature: Ag/NiAl(110)

Facile nucleation and growth of bilayer Ag(110) islands on NiAl(110) is observed by STM for Ag deposition at temperatures as low as 127 K. Density functional theory analysis for supported Ag films determines adatom adsorption energies (which favor bilayer islands), interaction energies, and diffusion barriers. Analysis of an atomistic lattice-gas model incorporating these energies elucidates the role of strongly anisotropic interactions in enabling the upward mass transport needed for bilayer island formation.     

Notch fatigue of Cu_(50)Zr_(50) metallic glasses under cyclic loading: molecular dynamics simulations

Molecular dynamics simulation is performed to simulate the tension–compression fatigue of notched metallic glasses(MGs), and the notch effect of MGs is explored. The notches will accelerate the accumulation of shear transition zones, leading to faster shear banding around the notches' root causing it to undergo severe plastic deformation. Furthermore, a qualitative investigation of the notched MGs demonstrates that fatigue life gradually becomes shorter with the increase in sharpness until it reaches a critical scale. The fatigue performance of blunt notches is stronger than that of sharp notches. Making the notches blunter can improve the fatigue life of MGs.