全文获取类型
收费全文 | 702篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 500篇 |
晶体学 | 8篇 |
力学 | 17篇 |
数学 | 107篇 |
物理学 | 118篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 60篇 |
2011年 | 58篇 |
2010年 | 44篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 59篇 |
2007年 | 44篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1939年 | 3篇 |
1924年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有750条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
101.
We consider semidefinite programming relaxations of the quadratic assignment problem, and show how to exploit group symmetry
in the problem data. Thus we are able to compute the best known lower bounds for several instances of quadratic assignment
problems from the problem library: (Burkard et al. in J Global Optim 10:291–403, 1997). 相似文献
102.
We first describe a mirror partner (B-model) of the small quantum orbifold cohomology of weighted projective spaces (A-model) in the framework of differential equations: we attach to the A-model (resp. B-model) a quantum differential system (that is a trivial bundle equipped with a suitable flat meromorphic connection and a flat bilinear form) and we give an explicit isomorphism between these two quantum differential systems. On the A-side (resp. on the B-side), the quantum differential system alluded to is naturally produced by the small quantum cohomology (resp. a solution of the Birkhoff problem for the Brieskorn lattice of a Landau–Ginzburg model). Then we study the degenerations of these quantum differential systems and we apply our results to the construction of (classical, limit, logarithmic) Frobenius manifolds. 相似文献
103.
Etienne Plésiat Piero Decleva Fernando Martín 《Central European Journal of Physics》2013,11(9):1157-1162
We use an extension of the static-exchange density functional theory (DFT) method, previously reported in [E. Plésiat et al., Phys. Rev. A 2, 023409 (2012), E. Plésiat, P. Decleva, F. Martín, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 31, 10853 (2012)], to evaluate vibrationally resolved (total and angular) K-shell photoelectron cross sections of methane. The calculated cross sections are in very good agreement with the existing experimental measurements at low photoelectron energies. We show that, in contrast with the rich interference patterns previously observed in molecular frame C(1s) photoelectron angular distributions of methane at both low and high photoelectron energy, no interference effects are observed in the calculated β parameters, even at high photon energies. 相似文献
104.
Etienne Boutin Min Wang John C. Lin Matthieu Mesnage Daniela Mendoza Benedikt Lassalle‐Kaiser Christopher Hahn Thomas F. Jaramillo Marc Robert 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(45):16318-16322
Conversion of CO2 into valuable molecules is a field of intensive investigation with the aim of developing scalable technologies for making fuels using renewable energy sources. While electrochemical reduction into CO and formate are approaching industrial maturity, a current challenge is obtaining more reduced products like methanol. However, literature on the matter is scarce, and even more for the use of molecular catalysts. Here, we demonstrate that cobalt phthalocyanine, a well‐known catalyst for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO, can also catalyze the reaction from CO2 or CO to methanol in aqueous electrolytes at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. The studies identify formaldehyde as a key intermediate and an unexpected pH effect on selectivity. This paves the way for establishing a sequential process where CO2 is first converted to CO which is subsequently used as a reactant to produce methanol. Under ideal conditions, the reaction shows a global Faradaic efficiency of 19.5 % and chemical selectivity of 7.5 %. 相似文献
105.
Etienne A. Lapierre Prof. Warren E. Piers Jian-Bin Lin Chris Gendy 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(17):4305-4308
Isolable cationic PtII and PtIV alkylidenes, proposed intermediates in catalytic organic transformations, are reported. The bonding in these species was probed by experimental, structural, spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational methods, providing direct evidence for π-bonding, the often-theorized relativistic stabilization of these species, and the influence of oxidation state. 相似文献
106.
107.
Vi Le Etienne Pardoux 《Stochastics An International Journal of Probability and Stochastic Processes》2020,92(6):852-875
Consider a general continuous-state branching process with additional interaction, which destroys the branching property. We give precise conditions on the interaction term, in order to decide whether the extinction time of the process remains or not bounded as the initial value tends to infinity, and similarly for the total mass of the process. 相似文献
108.
P. Etienne P. Coudray Y. Moreau J. Porque 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):523-527
The development and characterization of channel waveguides using wet-process, low temperature sol-gel chemistry is described. Two structures have been developed. The first one is a one-layer structure, composed of a sol-gel solution which is a mixture of photopolymerizable organosilicate and organozirconate precursors. The other is a multilayer structure with a buffer under the guide and a protective coating. The layers are deposited by the dipping technique. The devices are obtained by UV light exposure of the coating through a predefined mask (channel waveguides). The refractive index increase is sufficient enough to allow the use of waveguides in the 1.55 m telecommunication window.These waveguides are thick enough to reduce the coupling losses with an optical fiber below 0.5 dB. Also, because of our sandwich structure, the propagation losses are less than 0.1 dB. 相似文献
109.
110.
Here we redesigned the branches of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers by moving the amide carbonyl group on the other side of the amide nitrogen atom, transforming the β-alaninyl-amidoethylamine branch, which easily undergoes retro-Michael reactions and renders PAMAMs intrinsically unstable, into a more stable glycyl-amidopropylamine branch. The resulting inverse PAMAM (i-PAMAM) dendrimers have the same carbon framework as PAMAMs and only differ by the position of the carbonyl group. In contrast to PAMAMs which are prepared in solution and are difficult to purify, we synthesize i-PAMAMs using high-temperature solid-phase peptide synthesis by iterative coupling and deprotection of the commercially available N,N-bis(N′-Fmoc-3-aminopropyl)glycine and purify them preparative reverse phase HPLC. Our i-PAMAM dendrimers show no detectable degradation over time. We demonstrate this new class of dendrimers with the synthesis of antimicrobial dendrimers with potent yet non-membrane disruptive activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 相似文献