An Alternative Method for Calculating Bound-State of Energy Eigenvalues of Klein-Gordon for Quasi-exactly Solvable Potentials

We obtain the bound-state energy of the Klein-Gordon equation for some examples of quasi-exactly solvable potentials within the framework of asymptotic iteration method （AIM）. The eigenvalues are calculated for type- 1 solutions. The whole quasi-exactly solvable potentials are generated from the defined relation between the vector and scalar potentials.     

Calculation of the Debye–Waller factor of crystals using the n-dimensional Debye function involving binomial coefficients and incomplete gamma functions

The objective of this work was to obtain a simpler and more accurate analytical expression to determine the Debye–Waller factor of crystals using an n-dimensional Debye approximation involving binomial coefficients and incomplete gamma functions. The results obtained were compared with the corresponding experimental and theoretical results and, the calculated values were shown to be in excellent agreement with those obtained in the experimental and other previous studies.     

Sulfur impregnation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes via SF6/NH3 plasma exposure

Plasma treatments are established methods to functionalise carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and modify their surface structure. This paper presents a mild glow‐discharge plasma treatment of aligned arrays of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes employing sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), ammonia (NH₃), and their mixtures as process gases. For the latter, sulfur was detected at the tip and sidewalls of the nanotubes via energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, while electron microscopy served as method to verify the structural integrity of the CNTs after the plasma treatment. This approach provides the basis for an easy and quick alternative to existing sulfur functionalisation methods of MWCNTs. Furthermore, the proposed method can conveniently be applied to carbon nanotube arrays on substrate while preserving their structure and alignment.

SEM‐EDX map of SF₆/NH₃ plasma‐treated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on substrate. Green, yellow and red correspond to silicon, carbon and sulfur signals, respectively.     

An alternative solution of diatomic molecules

The spectrum of r ^?1 and r ^?2 type potentials of diatomic molecules in radial Schrödinger equation are calculated by using the formalism of asymptotic iteration method. The alternative method is used to solve eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of Mie potential, Kratzer-Fues potential, Coulomb potential, and Pseudoharmonic potential by determining the α, β, γ and σ parameters.     

Liquid crystalline mesophases of pluronics (L64, P65, and P123) and transition metal nitrate salts ([M(H2O)6](NO3)2)

The triblock poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers, Pluronics (L64, P65, and P123), form liquid crystalline (LC) mesophases with transition metal nitrate salts (TMS), [M(H(2)O)(n)](NO(3))(2), in the presence and absence of free water in the media. In this assembly process, M-OH(2) plays an important role as observed in a TMS:C(n)EO(m) (C(n)EO(m) is oligo(ethylene oxide) nonionic surfactants) system. The structure of the LC mesophases and interactions of the metal ion-nitrate ion and metal ion-Pluronic were investigated using microscopy (POM), diffraction (XRD), and spectroscopy (FTIR and micro-Raman) techniques. The TMS:L64 system requires a shear force for mesophase ordering to be observed using X-ray diffraction. However, TMS:P65 and TMS:P123 form well structured LC mesophases. Depending on the salt/Pluronic mole ratio, hexagonal LC mesophases are observed in the TMS:P65 systems and cubic and tetragonal LC mesophases in the TMS:P123 systems. The LC mesophase in the water/salt/Pluronic system is sensitive to the concentration of free (H(2)O) and coordinated water (M-OH(2)) molecules and demonstrates structural changes. As the free water is evaporated from the H(2)O:TMS:Pluronic LC mesophase (ternary mixture), the nitrate ion remains free in the media. However, complete evaporation of the free water molecules enforces the coordination of the nitrate ion to the metal ion in all TMS:Pluronic systems.     

The Structures of Medium-Ring Compounds. Part XVII. Crystal and molecular structures of cis-cyclodecene. 1/2 AgNO3 and 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-cis-cyclodec-7-ene. 1/2 AgNO3

The crystal structures of cis-cyclodecene. 1/2 AgNO₃ (monoclinic, a = 5.329, b=14.53, c=27.17 Å, β=92.02°, space group C 2/c) and of 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-cis-cyclodec-7-ene · 1/2 AgNO₃ (orthorhombic, a=5.879, b=16.86, c=28.39 Å, space group C222₁) have been determined. The relative arrangement of Ag⁺ cations, NO₃^? anions and cyclo-olefin molecules are very similar in the two crystals, but the conformations of the ring skeletons are very different.     

Does bisphenol A bioaccumulate on zebrafish? Determination of tissue bisphenol A level

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume industrial chemical mainly used in the production of polycarbonates and epoxy resins utilized in the manufacture of containers, bottles, toys, and medical devices. It has systemic effects as an endocrine disruptor even at low doses. To analyze its quantity in biological materials, sensitive and reproducible methods have to be used. Different doses and duration (90 and 900 μg/L, 24 and 120 h, and 21 days) of BPA exposure to whole body zebrafish were analyzed after specific homogenization of tissue, and then a modified method HPLC was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and water using a gradient method of reversed-phase C18 column, and excitation = 227 nm/emission = 313 nm. The calibration curve for BPA using HPLC-fluorescence detection method was between a concentration range of 1 and 1000 ng/mL and linear, and r² = 0.999. The mean and standard error of mean values were 4.29 ± 1.05, 2.50 ± 0.92, and 2.53 ± 0.68 for control; 10.43 ± 2.61, 11.46 ± 3.24, and 8.55 ± 3.11 for BPA-90 μg/L; and 17.78 ± 4.39, 21.55 ± 4.37, and 25.32 ± 3.25 for BPA-900 μg/L (24 h, 120 h, and 21 days, respectively). Although some statistical significance among dose/time was observed between two different dose-treated groups, statistical significance was not found in dose/time results within the group. However, the positive result of BPA in the control group can be explained by low-dose, chronic exposure or prevalence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.     

Applicability of alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria) extract for the histological staining of liver tissue

Staining of tissue is a significant process in histotechnology and staining techniques are used in the examination and diagnosis of diseases. The increase of international awareness for the environment, ecology, and health directed people to reduce toxic effluents and stop usage of dangerous chemical dyes. The present trend throughout the world is shifting towards to use of natural products over their synthetic alternatives. Therefore, in this study, the dyeing ability of alkanet plant on the cells of unstained sections taken from Wistar rat liver was investigated. The extract of Alkanna tinctoria contain naphthaquinone group of dyestuff. Chemical characterization of A. tinctoria extract was performed with HPLC-TOF/MS and UV spectra analysis, respectively. Different metal salts were used in the staining processes in order to obtain different colors. In the staining of without adding mordant (metal salt) to the extract, pale brown staining was obtained in the cytoplasm. Light pink color was obtained with the addition of CuSO₄ mordant. Dark pink-red color was achieved by adding alum, and also NiSO₄ was added for light purple staining. The staining of cytoplasm of different cells in liver tissue was achieved successfully with the extract of A. tinctoria and different colors were obtained using various mordants.     

Bound state of solution of Dirac-Coulomb problem with spatially dependent mass

The bound state solution of Coulomb Potential in the Dirac equation is calculated for a position dependent mass function M(r) within the framework of the asymptotic iteration method (AIM). The eigenfunctions are derived in terms of hypergeometric function and function generator equations of AIM.