Visual detection of anions by a novel isothiourea-based chromophore.

S-Methyl-N-methyl-N'-(4-(N",N"-dimethylamino)phenyl)isothiourea, a novel isothiourea-based chromoionophore for anions, was synthesized. The reactivity for several anions was estimated by a visual method and UV-vis spectroscopy. By the addition of acetate ion, a blue shift in the absorption spectrum was observed in CHCl3, and the solvent color changed from yellow to colorless. These changes indicated that bound acetate ion interfered with the intramolecular charge transfer from the nitrogen atom of the diethylamino group to the isothiourea moiety. The addition of chloride ion caused a red shift of the chromophore and solvent color remained yellow. By the addition of dihydrogenphosphate ion, the precipitate was formed immediately. These anion-dependent natures of the chromoionophore allowed us to detect acetate and phosphate ions easily.     

Cationic amylopectin derivatives as additives for analysis of proteins in capillary electrophoresis

Positively charged amylopectin, which is a major constituent of cationic starch, was used to modify the inner surface of fused-silica capillaries by addition to the running solution, which was subsequently employed in CE. Capillaries filled with cationic amylopectin derivatives were shown to generate a stable reversed EOF in the investigated range of pH 4-8. Among the additives studied, quaternary ammonium amylopectin derivatives with high amino and low hydroxypropyl groups showed fast electroosmotic mobility and very effectively suppressed the adsorption of proteins. The run-to-run and batch-to-batch repeatability of the procedures were satisfactory with RSDs of 0.5% and 2.4%, respectively. A basic protein, alpha-chymotrypsinogen, migrated within 6 min and the theoretical plate number of it reached 560 000 plates/m.     

Compact optical duplicate system for satellite-ground laser communications: application of averaging effects

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in satellite-ground laser communication due to an increase in the quantity of data exchanged between satellites and the ground. However, improving the quality of this data communication is necessary as laser communication is vulnerable to air fluctuation. We first verify the spatial and temporal averaging effects using light beam intensity images acquired from middle-range transmission experiments between two ground positions and the superposition of these images using simulations. Based on these results, we propose a compact and lightweight optical duplicate system as a multi-beam generation device with which it is easy to apply the spatial averaging effect. Although an optical duplicate system is already used for optical correlation operations, we present optimum design solutions, design a compact optical duplicate system for satellite-ground laser communications, and demonstrate the efficacy of this system using simulations.     

Magnetic properties of Mn-rich Rh2Mn1+xSn1−x Heusler alloys

X-ray powder diffraction and magnetization measurements have been carried out on Rh₂Mn_1+xSn_1−x (0≤x≤0.3) alloys. The alloys, which crystallize in the L2₁ structure, were found to exhibit ferromagnetic behavior. The lattice constant a at room temperature decreases with increasing x, whereas the Curie temperature T_C decreases linearly. At 5 K the magnetic moment per formula unit first increases with increasing x and then saturates for x≥0.2. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the influence of the Mn-Mn exchange interactions between the Mn atoms on the Sn and Mn sites.     

Application of mixture analysis to crude materials from natural resources (III): NMR spectral studies to analyze chalcones from Angelica keiskei

This study presents the application of the NMR-based analyses, DOSY and ROSY, to the chalcones, xanthoangelol (1) and 4-hydroxyderricin (2) from Angelica keiskei. We investigated whether virtual separation and structural information from each compound can be obtained. DOSY displays spectra of (1) and (2) in one dimension and diffusion spectra in the other. And the 1H slice spectra were analyzed in detail by comparison with authentic samples previously isolated from the same material. The resulting ROSY spectrum clearly showed two distinct peaks in the 1H T1 dimension. Each slice of the ROSY spectrum along the 13C dimension contains over-lapped signals, which are difficult to assign at this time.     

Orosomucoid 1 and orosomucoid 2 types in the Taiwanese and Japanese: evidence for five new orosomucoid variants

The genetic polymorphisms of orosomucoid, ORM1 and ORM2, were analyzed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels and subsequent immunoprinting. Sera from 600 unrelated individuals in Taiwan and Japan were examined. Five new alleles, designated ORM1*7, ORM1*8, ORM1*4.2, ORM2*8 and ORM2*10, were observed together with common and rare alleles that have been found in the Japanese and the Filipinos. As compared with the Japanese, the Taiwanese have a higher frequency of ORM1*1, and a significantly lower frequency of ORM1*2.1.     

Time-resolved FT-IR study of ferroelectric liquid crystals with SiO obliquely evaporated alignment layers

Abstract

Time-resolved FT-IR spectroscopy was performed to monitor the behaviour of ferroelectric liquid crystals on a microsecond time scale. A bookshelf geometry was obtained by alignment with SiO obliquely evaporated layers in a CaF₂ cell with 2 μm gap. Six kinds of FLC mixtures were examined, all of which were three-component systems consisting of chiral molecules of 5 wt% and two kinds of phenyl pyrimidine molecules of 47·5 wt% each. All IR spectra were dominated by vibrational modes from the phenyl pyrimidines. Typical vibrational modes from core and alkyl chain parts are selected in order to compare the movement of the alkyl chain as a function of the chiral components. A novel parameter α = (intensity of largest peak at 2925 cm^?1/intensity of smallest peak at 2925 cm^?1)/(intensity of largest peak at 1432 cm^?1/intensity of smallest peak at 1432 cm^?1) for evaluating the alkyl chain movement is introduced. It was found that the length of the rigid or flexible parts of the chiral molecules and the parameter α are correlated. Moreover, relations between the cone angle and α and between the rise time and α were found.     

Stabilized Bubble Function Method for Shallow Water Long Wave Equation

A relationship between the stabilized bubble function method and the stabilized finite element method is shown in this paper. The Petrov–Galerkin formulation with bubble function, i.e. a stabilized bubble function method, is proposed for the shallow water long wave equation. The Petrov–Galerkin formulation with the bubble function formulation possesses better stability than the Bubnov–Galerkin formulation with the bubble function.     

Higher-spin gauge and trace anomalies in two-dimensional backgrounds

Two-dimensional quantum fields in electric and gravitational backgrounds can be described by conformal field theories, and hence all the physical (covariant) quantities can be written in terms of the corresponding holomorphic quantities. In this paper, we first derive relations between covariant and holomorphic forms of higher-spin currents in these backgrounds, and then, by using these relations, obtain higher-spin generalizations of the trace and gauge (or gravitational) anomalies up to spin 4. These results are applied to derive higher-moments of Hawking fluxes in black holes in a separate paper [S. Iso, T. Morita, H. Umetsu, Hawking radiation via higher-spin gauge anomalies, arXiv: 0710.0456 [hep-th]].