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71.
Liquid chromatography (LC) and ion mobility (IM) separation have been coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) to characterize a commercially important nonionic surfactant, polysorbate 85. The constituents of this amphiphilic blend contained a sorbitan or isosorbide core that was chain extended with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and partially esterified at the PEO termini with oleic acid or, to a lesser extent, other fatty acids. Using interactive LC in reverse-phase mode, the oligomers of the surfactant were separated according to their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance. On the other hand, IM spectrometry dispersed the surfactant oligomers by their charge and collision cross section (i.e. size/shape). With either separation method, an increased number of fatty ester groups and/or lack of the polar sorbitan (or isosorbide) core led to higher retention/drift times, enabling the separation of isobaric species or species with superimposed isotope patterns, so that their ester content could be conclusively identified by MS2. LC–MS and IM–MS permitted the detection of several byproducts besides the major PEO-sorbitan oleate oligomers. LC–MS provides the separation resolution needed for quantitative determination of the degree of esterification. IM–MS, which minimizes analysis time and solvent use, is ideally suitable for a fast, qualitative survey of samples differing in their minor constituents or impurities. 相似文献
72.
We study the problem of identifying unknown source terms in an inverse parabolic problem, when the overspecified (measured) data are given in form of Dirichlet boundary condition u(0,t) = h(t) and , where is an arbitrarily prescribed subregion. The main goal here is to show that the gradient of cost functional can be expressed via the solutions of the direct and corresponding adjoint problems. We prove Hölder continuity of the cost functional and derive the Lipschitz constant in the explicit form via the given data. On the basis of the obtained results, we propose a monotone iteration process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
73.
Esin Burunkaya Nadir Kiraz Ömer Kesmez H. Erdem Çamurlu Meltem Asiltürk Ertuğrul Arpaç 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2010,55(2):171-176
Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanometric particles were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Aluminum nitrate hydrate, aluminum
sec-butoxide and zinc nitrate hydrate were used as the starting materials, and n-propanol and 2-butanol were used as solvents.
Ratio of Al2O3 in ZnO was kept at 10 wt%. Reaction was conducted in a Teflon autoclave at 175–225 °C for 5 h. Ratios of alcohol, H2O and HCl to zinc nitrate hydrate were altered and 6 different sets of parameters were investigated. Obtained products were
subjected to powder-XRD, particle size measurement, TEM examination and AAS analysis. Single phase AZO particles were obtained
at alcohol to zinc nitrate ratio of 35, acid to zinc nitrate ratio of 0.2, at 225 °C. Particle size was determined as 3.2 ± 0.4 nm
from TEM examinations and as 1–2 nm from dynamic light scattering. Synthesized particles have amphiphilic character, thus
they can be dispersed in both polar and non-polar media. It was seen from the UV-diffuse reflectance spectra that the AZO
powder had low reflectance in the UV region and high reflectance in the visible region. The obtained powder has the potential
to be utilized in the form of thin films for optical and electronic purposes. 相似文献
74.
Arzum Erdem Pagona Papakonstantinou Hayley Murphy Martin McMullan Hakan Karadeniz Surbhi Sharma 《Electroanalysis》2010,22(6):611-617
Disposable graphite pencil electrodes (PGE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐streptavidin (STR) conjugates were used for electrochemical monitoring of label‐free DNA hybridization. The surface morphology of PGE electrode before and after hybridization was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to monitor each step of the construction of the DNA biosensor. The biosensor was demonstrated to have excellent selectivity, being able to differentiate complementary sequences from a noncomplementary ones and in addition select the target sequence of DNA from a mixture of other DNA without loss in current sensitivity. 相似文献
75.
In this paper, we describe, analyze and compare various multipliers. Particularly, we investigate the standard modular multiplication, the Montgomery multiplication, and the matrix–vector multiplication techniques. 相似文献
76.
The proposed polar nucleophilic mechanism of MAO was investigated using quantum chemical calculations employing the semi-empirical PM3 method. In order to mimic the reaction at the enzyme's active site, the reactions between the flavin and the p-substituted benzylamine substrate analogs were modeled. Activation energies and rate constants of all the reactions were calculated and compared with the published experimental data. The results showed that electron-withdrawing groups at the para position of benzylamine increase the reaction rate. A good correlation between the log of the calculated rate constants and the electronic parameter (sigma) of the substituent was obtained. These results agree with the previous kinetic experiments on the effect of p-substituents on the reduction of MAO-A by benzylamine analogs. In addition, the calculated rate constants showed a correlation with the rate of reduction of the flavin in MAO-A. In order to verify the results obtained from the PM3 method single-point B3LYP/6-31G*//PM3 calculations were performed. These results demonstrated a strong reduction in the activation energy for the reaction of benzylamine derivatives having electron-withdrawing substituents, which is in agreement with the PM3 calculations and the previous experimental QSAR study. PM3 and B3LYP/6-31G* energy surfaces were obtained for the overall reaction of benzylamine with flavin. Results suggest that PM3 is a reasonable method for studying this kind of reaction. These theoretical findings support the proposed polar nucleophilic mechanism for MAO-A. 相似文献
77.
Conclusions A method was developed for the preparation of -diketones that contain the CF2NO2 grouping.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2350–2351, October, 1973. 相似文献
78.
V. V. Shchepin N. Yu. Russkikh D. V. Uzun P. S. Silaichev 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2005,41(1):131-133
Zinc enolates derived from 1-aryl-2,2-dibromoalkanones react with 3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-ylcarbonyl)-2H-chromen-2-one to give 1-alkyl-1-aroyl-1a-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-ylcarbonyl)-1a, 7b-dihydrocyclopropa[c]-chromen-2(1H)-ones as a single stereoisomer.__________Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 131–133.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Shchepin, Russkikh, Uzun, Silaichev. 相似文献
79.
Thermodynamics of Pb2+ and Ni2+ adsorption onto natural bentonite from aqueous solutions 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Removal of Pb2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions by sorption onto natural bentonite was investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function of particle size, the amount of bentonite, pH, concentration of metals, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption patterns of metal ions onto followed the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. This included adsorption isotherms of single-metal solutions at 303 K by batch experiments. The thermodynamic parameters (DeltaH,DeltaS,DeltaG) for Pb2+ and Ni2+ sorption onto bentonite were also determined from the temperature dependence. The adsorptions were endothermic reactions. The results suggested that natural bentonite is suitable as a sorbent material for recovery and adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
80.
Frankamp BL Uzun O Ilhan F Boal AK Rotello VM 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2002,124(6):892-893
Polystyrene-based diblock copolymers, featuring diaminotriazine functionality on one of the blocks were used to assemble complementary uracil-functionalized nanoparticles into micellar aggregates. The size of these self-assembled aggregates was controlled by block length, as determined in solution (using dynamic light scattering), and in thin films (using transmission electron microscopy). 相似文献