Reactivity of T-Nb2O5 or H-Nb2O5 towards V2O5. Synthesis in the solid state and properties of V4Nb18O55

The IR spectrum of V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅ has been compared with the IR spectra of selected niobates of known structures to show structural relations between these compounds. This comparison shows that V₄Nb₁₈O₅₅ has crystal structure related to T-Nb₂O₅, W16Nb18O94 and Ba₂NaNb₅O₁₅. On the other hand, reaction between V₂O₅ and H-Nb₂O₅ yields a solid solution of V₂O₅ in VNb₉O₂₅. It has been proposed two models of synthesized solid solution with formulas V_1+xNb_9-xO₂₅ or V_1+xNb₉O_25+5x/2.Independently of Nb₂O₅ polymorph, used for synthesis, the metastable compound VNbO5 cannot be synthesized in the solid state below 650°C      

Electron collisions with trifluorides: BF3 and PF3 molecules

Absolute total cross sections (TCSs) for electron scattering from boron trifluoride (BF(3)) and phosphorus trifluoride (PF(3)) molecules have been measured using a linear transmission method. The electron energy ranges from 0.6 to 370 eV for BF(3) and from 0.5 to 370 eV for PF(3). The TCS energy dependence for BF(3) exhibits two very pronounced enhancements: resonantlike narrow feature located near 3.6 eV with the maximum value of 19.2 x 10(-20) m(2), and intermediate energy very broad enhancement with two humps, one centered around 21 eV (18.8 x 10(-20) m(2) in the maximum) and the other near 45 eV (19.5 x 10(-20) m(2)). For PF(3) the TCS has quite different low-energy dependence: at 0.5 eV it has a high value of 70 x 10(-20) m(2) and decreases steeply towards higher energies. Beyond the minimum near 5.5 eV, the TCS reveals two distinct humps: the resonant one centered near 11 eV with the peak value of 32.9 x 10(-20) m(2) and the second one much broader around 35 eV (27.9 x 10(-20) m(2)). The present TCSs for trifluorides are compared to each other as well as to previous TCS data for selected perfluorides and to results for their perhydrided counterparts. The differences and similarities in the shape and magnitude of TCSs are pointed out.     

Synthesis and structure of highly substituted pyrazole ligands and their complexes with platinum(II) and palladium(II) metal ions

Reaction of 3-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl- or 3-dimethoxyphosphoryl-2-methyl-substituted 4-oxo-4H-chromones 1 with N-methylhydrazine resulted in the formation of isomeric, highly substituted pyrazoles 4 (major products) and 5 (minor products). Intramolecular transesterification of 4 and 5 under basic conditions led, respectively, to tricyclic derivatives 7 and 8. The structures of pyrazoles 4a (dimethyl 2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl-phosphonate) and 4b (methyl 4-oxo-2-methyl-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate) were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Pyrazoles 4a and 4b were used as ligands (L) in the formation of ML₂Cl₂ complexes with platinum(II) or palladium(II) metal ions (M). Potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II), used as the metal ion reagent, gave both trans-[Pt(4a)₂Cl₂] and cis-[Pt(4a)₂Cl₂], complexes with ligand 4a, and only cis-[Pt(4b)₂Cl₂] isomer with ligand 4b. Palladium complexes were obtained by the reaction of bis(benzonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) with the test ligands. trans-[Pd(4a)₂Cl₂] and trans-[Pd(4b)₂Cl₂] were the exclusive products of these reactions. The structures of all the complexes were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR and FAB MS spectral analysis, elemental analysis and Kurnakov tests.     

Nucleophilic addition to nitroacrylates: application towards the synthesis of 2,3-dehydroamino acids and 2,3-diamino acids

The addition of the N-pronucleophiles to 2- or 3-nitro-2-alkenoates in the presence of base provided Michael addition products. In the case of 3-nitro compounds, reaction occurred via the formation of α-adducts and the subsequent elimination of nitrous acid to produce olefins with high Z stereoselectivity. 3-Phthalimido-2-nitrocinnamate adduct 8a was converted into 2,3-diamino ester 11a.     

Retention of anions on silica-based metalloporphyrin stationary phases.

The silica-based Fe(III)-protoporphyrin and Zn-tetraphenylporphyrin stationary phases were examined for the HPLC separation of anions. The retention of nine common inorganic anions as well as benzoate anion (BA) and its hydroxy analogues (HBA) was examined using tartrate, acetate, and succinate eluents. The retention factors of inorganic anions on the FeProP stationary phase were in the order Cl- < NO3- < ClO4- < I- < SCN- and for organic anions benzoate < p-hydroxybenzoate < m-hydoxybenzoate < o-hydroxybenzoate. The retention factors of organic anions examined for a ZnTPP column were in the order p-HBA < m-HBA < BA < o-HBA.     

Multiple binding modes of the camptothecin family to DNA oligomers

The binding constants of camptothecin, topotecan and its lactone ring-opened carboxylate derivative to DNA octamers were measured by UV and NMR spectroscopy. The self-association of topotecan (TPT) was also measured. The carboxylate form of TPT binds in the same way as the lactone, but more weakly. Titration of TPT into d(GCGATCGC)2 shows a preferred location stacked onto the terminal G1 base. However, the intermolecular NOEs cannot be reconciled with a single conformation of the complex, and suggest a model of a limited number of conformations in fast exchange. MD calculations on four pairs of starting structures with TPT stacked onto the G1-C8 base pair in different orientations were therefore performed. The use of selected experimental "docking" restraints yielded ten MD trajectories covering a wide conformational space. From a combination of calculated free energies, NOEs and chemical shifts, some of the structures produced could be eliminated, and it is concluded that the data are consistent with two major families of conformations in fast exchange. One of these is the conformation found in a crystal of a TPT/DNA/topoisomerase I ternary complex [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99, 15 387-15 392].     

Stress-Induced Domain Wall Motion in a Ferroelastic Mn3+ Spin Crossover Complex

Domain wall motion is detected for the first time during the transition to a ferroelastic and spin state ordered phase of a spin crossover complex. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) revealed two distinct symmetry-breaking phase transitions in the mononuclear Mn³⁺ compound [Mn(3,5-diBr-sal₂(323))]BPh₄, 1. The first at 250 K, involves the space group change Cc→Pc and is thermodynamically continuous, while the second, Pc→P1 at 85 K, is discontinuous and related to spin crossover and spin state ordering. Stress-induced domain wall mobility was interpreted on the basis of a steep increase in acoustic loss immediately below the the Pc-P1 transition     

Spectroscopic and potentiometric characterization of oxovanadium(IV) complexes formed by 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinones. Rationalization of the influence of basicity and electronic structure of the ligand on the properties of V(IV)O species in aqueous solution

Aqueous solution studies regarding the identification and characterization of complexes formed by the VIVO ion and 11 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone derivatives have been performed using EPR and UV/vis spectroscopic techniques. For the three ligands (HL) adequately soluble in water (1-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone, 1-methyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone, and 1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone), potentiometric titrations were performed; the results are consistent with the formation of [V(IV)OL]+, [V(IV)OL2], [V(IV)OL2H(-1)]-, [(V(IV)O)2L2H(-2)], and [V(IV)L3]+ species. Bis chelated complexes are characterized by a cis-trans isomerism, the trans isomer being strongly favored with respect to the cis arrangement. Tris chelated non-oxo V(IV) species were prepared in CH3COOH; their spectroscopic features point to a d(z2) ground state and a geometry intermediate between an octahedron and a trigonal prism, related to the steric requirements of the substituent on the carbon atom in position 2 of the pyridinone ring. Four new solid derivatives, [V(IV)O(1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)2], [V(IV)O(1-(p-tolyl)-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)2], [V(IV)O(1-(p-(n-butyl)phenyl)-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)2], and [V(IV)O(1-(p-(n-hexyl)phenyl)-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)2], were isolated and characterized; they exhibited a five-coordinate geometry close to square-pyramid. A criterion for establishing the degree of distortion toward the trigonal-bipyramid on the basis of the electronic absorption spectra is provided. Relationships between the pKa of the -OH group in position 3 of the ring and (i) log K of mono and bis chelated complexes, (ii) pK of the water molecule in cis-[V(IV)OL2(H2O)], (iii) log K of tris chelated species [V(IV)L3]+, and (iv) 51V hyperfine coupling constant (Az) have been established and discussed for a number of pyrone, pyridinone, and catechol ligands. The results are rationalized by assuming for pyridinones an electronic structure intermediate between that of pyrones and catechols. The relationships are valuable to the understanding of the behavior of VIVO species in aqueous solution.